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GMTSAR软件InSAR数据处理流程及使用详细说明(GMTSAR: An InSAR Processing System Ba...
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InSAR处理开源软件GMTSAR的使用详细说明,可以处理ENVISAT、ALOS、Sentinel等诸多卫星数据。(GMTSAR: An InSAR Processing System Based on Generic Mapping Tools (Second Edition))
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1
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Report
GMTSAR: An InSAR Processing System Based on Generic Mapping Tools
(Second Edition)
David Sandwell
(1)
, Rob Mellors
(2)
, Xiaopeng Tong
(1,3)
, Xiaohua Xu
(1)
, Matt Wei
(4)
, and
Paul Wessel
(5)
May 1, 2011
Revised – June 1, 2016
(1)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
(2)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
(3)
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
(4)
Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI
(5)
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI
2
GMTSAR: An InSAR Processing System Based on Generic Mapping Tools
(Second Edition)
Table of Contents:
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1 Objectives and limitations of GMTSAR
1.2 Algorithms: SAR, InSAR and the need for precise orbits
1.2.1 Proper focus
1.2.2 Transformation from geographic to radar coordinates
1.2.3 Image alignment
1.2.4 Flattening interferogram - no trend removal
2. Software
2.1 Standard products
2.2 Software design
3. Processing Examples
3.1 Two-pass processing
3.2 Stacking and time series
3.3 ScanSAR Interferometry
4. References
Appendix A. Principles of Synthetic Aperture Radar
Appendix B. SAR Image Formation and PRM-file
Appendix C. InSAR Summary
Appendix D. ScanSAR processor and interferometry
Appendix E. Sentinel TOPS-mode processing and interferometry
Appendix F. Geolocation accuracy for Pinon corner reflectors
Appendix G. Installation of GMTSAR
3
Preface to Second Edition
This technical report provides an update to the original GMTSAR report published in
2011. The significant changes to the software and documentation include:
• preprocessors for new data types including TerraSAR-X, COSMO-SkyMed,
Radarsat-2, ALOS-2, and Sentinel-1;
• the addition of a coherence-based SBAS time series program;
• full integration of GMTSAR with GMT5 (now called GMT5SAR);
• geometric image alignment based only on orbits and topography; and
• full support for Sentinel-1 TOPS-mode data.
The addition of the TOPS-mode processing involved a refinement of the algorithm for
transforming between geographic and radar coordinates that is now accurate to a few
centimeters. Pure geometric image alignment of all slaves to a single master enables a
whole new approach to data preparation for InSAR time series. GMT5SAR is still
focussed on the basic aspects of InSAR processing to prepare large stacks of images for
more advanced time series method such as persistent scatterer analysis. We have avoided
constructing tools that can hide fundamental limitations in the data or software (e.g.,
baseline re-estimation). Our objective is to keep the core software small and only
dependent on Generic Mapping Tools. GMTSAR also uses a published phase unrapping
code called Snaphu (Chen and Zebker, 2000). The user can use GMT or other packages
for post processing (e.g., combining InSAR with GPS point data). This software is
completely open under a GNU General Public License so users should feel free to modify
and redistribute codes.
The best way to learn to use GMTSAR is to install it and run the test examples. In
addition, for the past several years we have offered a short course sponsored by
UNAVCO. The instructional material is posted at the UNAVCO short course site.
4
Abstract
GMTSAR is an open source (GNU General Public License) InSAR processing
system designed for users familiar with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The code is
written in C and will compile on any computer where GMT and NETCDF are installed.
The system has three main components: 1) a preprocessor for each satellite data type to
convert the native format and orbital information into a generic format; 2) an InSAR
processor to focus and align stacks of images, map topography into phase, and form the
complex interferogram; 3) a postprocessor, mostly based on GMT, to filter the
interferogram and construct interferometric products of phase, coherence, phase gradient,
and line-of-sight displacement in both radar and geographic coordinates. GMT is used to
display all the products as postscript files and kml-images for Google Earth. A set of C-
shell scripts has been developed for standard 2-pass processing as well as image
alignment for stacking and time series. Users are welcome to contribute to this effort.
1. Introduction
GMTSAR differs from other InSAR systems such as ROI_PAC, Gamma, and DORIS
because it relies on sub-meter orbital accuracy to greatly simplify the SAR and InSAR
processing algorithms. Moreover large batches of SAR images can be automatically
processed with no human intervention. The down side of this approach is that SAR
satellites having less accurate orbits (> 10 m, e.g., RADARSAT-1 and JERS-1) cannot be
easily processed using GMTSAR. Reliance on precise orbits also greatly simplifies the
code so only 4 essential programs (esarp, xcorr, phasediff, conv) are needed beyond the
GMT package. Moreover, geometric and phase accuracy ensures that mosaics of many
frames along a long swath or combinations of ScanSAR subswaths will abut seamlessly
in geographic coordinates. This document contains three main sections and 7 appendices.
Section 1 is an introduction to GMTSAR and the geometric model used to create SAR
and InSAR products without using ground control or applying orbital adjustments.
Section 2 is a description of the overall software design as well as the standard output
products. Section 3 provides recipes for the most common types of InSAR processing
including 2-pass InSAR, stacking/time series, and ScanSAR interferometry. Appendix A
is an overview of principles of SAR processing. Appendix B is a detailed description of
5
the range-Doppler SAR processor and the parameter file. Appendix C provides the theory
for InSAR processing on a spherical Earth with no approximations. Appendix D
describes the algorithm that we use for ALOS-1 ScanSAR interferometry. Appendix E
describes the geometric image alignment algorithms developed for the TOPS-mode data
from Sentinel-1. Appendix F provides data on the geolocation accuracy of SAR imagery.
Appendix G provides instructions for installation and testing the GMTSAR package.
1.1 Objectives and limitations of GMTSAR
Creating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and interferograms (InSAR) from
satellite radar measurements requires specialized front-end computer codes for focusing
imagery and computing interferometric phase. However, much of the back-end
processing and display can be accomplished with existing generic codes. We have
developed a SAR/InSAR processing system that starts with raw (or SLC) SAR data in
radar coordinates, along with precise orbital information, and computes interferometric
products in geographic coordinates. Our design goals are to have a modular and portable
system based on a minimum set of new software. The system relies on precise orbital
information, as discussed below, and a consistent geometric model to achieve proper
focus and image alignment. The SAR processor code was originally derived from the
Stanford/JPL FORTRAN and re-written in the C programming language ensuring
compilation on many platforms using the standard gcc compiler. The remainder of the
front-end code has been developed and refined over the past decade as part of the
SIOSAR and ALOS_preprocess packages.
For the back-end processing we use the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), which is an
open source collection of programs designed for manipulating and displaying geographic
data sets [Wessel and Smith, 1998; Wessel et al., 2013]. It is widely used among the
geophysical community, well documented, and continuously updated. GMT includes
efficient and robust programs for regridding, filtering, and trend removal, which makes it
highly useful for some aspects of InSAR processing. GMT uses the NETCDF file
format that allows the exchange of files among computers having different architectures.
The combined front- and back-end processing is done using the c-shell scripting
language which is available on all UNIX platforms. We encourage the development of
new modules and InSAR processing recipes from the broader InSAR community. The
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- 李晓婧婧婧2018-03-13没下?????下来
- qq_318202972019-07-17这就是官方说明嘛
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