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<H4 CLASS="AUTHOR"><A NAME="AEN5">Boudewijn Rempt</A>
<br>
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ISBN: 0-97003300-4-4
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Available from bookstores everywhere or you can order it here.
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You can download the source files for the book <a href="pyqtsrc.tgz">(code / eps) here.</a>
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CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
>Creating themes with QStyle</A
></H1
><P
>We've just created a beautifully sculpted interface, with
all the highlights exactly right. Of course, the process lacked any
flexibility. Fortunately, PyQt offers complete access to the Qt
theming mechanism. Using this mechanism we can achieve almost the
same effect, but in a more flexible and generic manner. </P
><P
>The key class here is <TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QStyle</TT
>.
This class provides an enormous number of methods that are
used by Qt's widgets to express themselves on screen — and a
few hooks that you can use to intervene just before a widget
paints itself.
<TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QCommonStyle</TT
> is based on <TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QStyle</TT
>,
and implements most of
the actual drawing routines. On top of
<TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QCommonStyle</TT
> is a whole tree of styles
for Motif, Windows, MacOS-platinum, SGI and
CDE. A desktop environment like KDE adds a whole host of other
styles - and we can add one, too, once we have designed it.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
>Designing the style</A
></H2
><P
>Designing a successful widget style is an artistic
endeavor that calls for sensitive handling and an acute
awareness of usability principles, as can easily be seen from
the thousands of horrible styles available from websites like
www.themes.org. But then, designing a user interface calls for
the same expertise. That's the reason most software houses
employ interaction designers and graphic artists. Software
developers who don't have access to these specialists can
refer to the excellent books on interface design published by
Apple and Microsoft. These are the <SPAN
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Macintosh Human
Interface Guidelines</I
></SPAN
>
(http://www.devworld.apple.com/techpubs/mac/HIGuidelines/HIGuidelines-2.html)
and <SPAN
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Microsoft Guidelines for Interface
design</I
></SPAN
>, respectively. The Interface Hall of Shame
website (http://www.iarchitect.com/mshame.htm) has some
hilarious examples of interface design!</P
><P
>On the other hand, making something
<SPAN
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>look</I
></SPAN
> like something else is a lot easier.
For this project, I've pondered a few example styles
that would illustrate the capabilities of the
<TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QStyle</TT
> mechanism: the old Athena widget
look and feel, or the old ‘flat' MacOS look and feel. The new
Aqua style was right out, for legal reasons.
Perhaps the look of the rubber keyboard
or the old ZX-Spectrum? For my example, we'll try the old, flat MacOS look.
This one has the advantage of being visually simple. You can
complicate the implementation of a style enormously
by using complex gradients to fill buttons, or bitmaps
and masks to fill widget backgrounds. The
<TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QStyle</TT
> is flexible enough that you can
use anything the <TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QPainter</TT
> class offers
to paint your widgets. On the other hand, some parts are
exceedingly difficult to adapt, as we shall see.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
>Setting up</A
></H2
><P
>The system that is used to implement custom styles changed
completely between Qt 2 and Qt 3, which is a pity, because at
the time of writing this book the new styling system had not
been completely finished (and not wrapped for PyQt), but the
old system has been removed.</P
><P
>New styles are implemented by subclassing one of the
descendants of <TT
CLASS="CLASSNAME"
>QStyle</TT
> (this holds for
both systems).</P
><P
>Under the old system, most of the widget drawing code
would have been placed in the <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>polish()</TT
>
and <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>unpolish()</TT
> methods of the style
implementation.</P
><P
>The new system demands that you re-implement the
primitive drawing functions, such as
<TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>drawItem()</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>drawPrimitive()</TT
> or
<TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>drawComplexControl</TT
>.</P
><P
>In both cases, you can decide to either use bitmaps for
buttons and backgrounds. This is shown in the
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>themes.py</TT
> example in your
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>BlackAdder</SPAN
> or
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>PyQt</SPAN
> distribution. Alternatively, you can
write your own drawing routines. It is surprising that
Python is fast enough to allow re-implementing the most basic
drawing routines.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
>A Qt 2 custom style</A
></H2
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 22-4. A Qt 2 custom style - a minimalist
implementation of the classic Mac style in PyQt.</B
></P
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>#
# macstyle.py - A minimalist implementation of the Mac Classic style for PyQt
# and Qt 2.
# Use with styletester.py
#
from qt import *
import time
FALSE=0
TRUE=1
class MacStyle(QWindowsStyle):
def __init__(self):
QWindows
GUI Programming with Python
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Nacidar2020-10-29这个pyqt，里面是html
