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Data-Centric Systems and Applications
Series Editors
M.J. Carey
S. Ceri
Editorial Board
P. Bernstein
U. Dayal
C. Faloutsos
J.C. Freytag
G. Gardarin
W. Jonker
V. Krishnamurthy
M.-A. Neimat
P. Valduriez
G. Weikum
K.-Y. Whang
J. Widom
Elzbieta Malinowski · Esteban Zimányi
Advanced Data
Warehouse Design
From Conventional to Spatial
and Temporal Applications
With 152 Figures and 10 Tables
Elzbieta Malinowski Esteban Zimányi
Universidad de Costa Rica Université Libre Bruxelles
School of Computer & Dept. of Computer &
Information Science Decision Engineering (CoDE)
San Pedro, San José Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50
Costa Rica 1050 Bruxelles
emalinow@cariari.ucr.ac.cr Belgium
ezimanyi@ulb.ac.be
2nd corrected printing 2009
ISBN: 978-3-540-74404-7 e-ISBN: 978-3-540-74405-4
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007941791
ACM Computing Classification: H.2, H.3, H.4, J.1, J.2
c
2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,
reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication
or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,
1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are
liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective
laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Cover design: KünkelLopka, Heidelberg
Printed on acid-free paper
987654321
springer.com
To Yamil,
my one and only love and husband,
who throughout 25 years has been
a patient friend, an untiring supporter,
and a wise adviser
E.M.
To Fabienne and Elena,
with all my love and tenderness,
for all the joy and the beautiful
moments that I share with them
E.Z.
Foreword
When I was asked to write the foreword of this book, I was both honored and
enthusiastic about contributing to the first book covering the topic of spatial
data warehousing. In spite of over ten years of scientific literature regarding
spatial data warehousing, spatial data mining, spatial online analytical pro-
cessing, and spatial datacubes, Malinowski and Zim´anyi are the first to invest
the energy necessary to provide a global view of spatial data warehousing in a
coherent manner. This book introduces the reader to the basic concepts in an
academic style that remains easy to read. Although one might think initially
that there is nothing special about spatial data warehouses, this book shows
the opposite by introducing fundamental extensions to the development of
spatial data warehouses. On the one hand, there are extensions required for
the design and implementation phases, and on the other hand there are ex-
tensions that improve the efficiency of these phases. This book offers a broad
coverage of these extensions while at the same time guiding the reader to
more detailed papers, thanks to a representative bibliography giving a sample
of the main papers in the field. In addition, this book contains a glossary
that is very useful for the reader since the datacube paradigm (also called
analytical or multidimensional database paradigm) is very different from the
traditional database paradigm (also called transactional or operational data-
base paradigm).
Of particular interest in this book is the coverage of spatial datacubes, of
their structure, and of implementation details in a data warehouse perspec-
tive. In particular, the different types of spatial hierarchies, spatial measures,
and spatial data implementations are of interest. As a technology of choice to
exploit data warehouses, OLAP technology is discussed with examples from
Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services 2005 and from Oracle 10g OLAP Op-
tion. Spatial OLAP (SOLAP) is also mentioned for spatial data warehouses.
In addition to defining spatial and temporal components of datacubes,
the book proposes a method that is based on an extended entity-relationship
approach, the spatial and temporal extensions of the MADS model, and a
waterfall-based design approach. Readers already using the entity-relationship
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