<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/base.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/fancy.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/11010281/raw.css"><script src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/js/compatibility.min.js"></script><script src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script><script>try{pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({});}catch(e){}</script><title></title></head><body><div id="sidebar" style="display: none"><div id="outline"></div></div><div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/11010281/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">©</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> ISO 2018</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">R<span class="_ _0"></span>oad v<span class="_ _0"></span>ehicles — F<span class="_ _0"></span>unctional safety —</div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y4 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">P<span class="_ _0"></span>art 11: </div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y5 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Guidelines on application of ISO </div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y6 ff2 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">26262 to semic<span class="_ _0"></span>onductors</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y7 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">V<span class="_ _1"></span>éhicules r<span class="_ _0"></span>outiers — Sécurité fonctionnelle —</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y8 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Partie 11: Ligne<span class="_ _0"></span>s directrices sur l'applic<span class="_ _0"></span>ation de l'ISO 26262 aux semi-</div><div class="t m0 x3 h6 y9 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">conducteurs</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 ya ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws1">IN<span class="_ _2"></span>T<span class="_ _2"></span>ER<span class="_ _3"></span>NA<span class="_ _4"></span>T<span class="_ _2"></span>I<span class="_ _1"></span>ONA<span class="_ _2"></span>L </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 yb ff1 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws2">S<span class="_ _5"></span>TA<span class="_ _6"></span>N<span class="_ _7"></span>DA<span class="_ _6"></span>R<span class="_ _6"></span>D</div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 yc ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ISO</div><div class="t m0 x5 h8 yd ff2 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">26262-11</div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 ye ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">First edition</div><div class="t m0 x7 h3 yf ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2018-12</div><div class="t m0 x8 h3 y10 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ref<span class="_ _0"></span>erence number</div><div class="t m0 x9 h3 y11 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ISO 26262-11:2018(E)</div><div class="c xa y12 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Copyright International Organization for Standardization </div></div><div class="c xa y13 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Provided by IHS Markit under license with ANSI </div></div><div class="c xc y14 w3 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Not for Resale, 12/20/2018 05:12:40 MST</div></div><div class="c xa y14 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff7 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS</div></div><div class="c xd y15 w4 hb"><div class="t m0 xe hc y16 ff8 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">--`,`,,,,,,,`````,``,`,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div></body></html>
<div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/11010281/bg2.jpg"><div class="t m0 xf hd y17 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 he y18 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ISO 26262-11:2018(E)</div><div class="t m0 x10 he y19 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y17 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ii<span class="ff2"> <span class="_ _8"> </span></span><span class="fs8">© ISO 2018 – All rights reserv<span class="_ _0"></span>ed</span></div><div class="t m0 x11 he y1a ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">COPYRIGHT PR<span class="_ _1"></span>OTECTED DOCUMENT</div><div class="t m0 x10 h10 y1b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">© ISO 2018</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y1c ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y1d ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y1e ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y1f ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _4"></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h11 y20 ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"></div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y21 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8</div><div class="t m0 x12 h11 y22 ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _4"></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y23 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Phone: +41 22 749 01 11</div><div class="t m0 x12 h11 y24 ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _0"></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h11 y25 ff9 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _0"></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y26 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">W<span class="_ _1"></span>ebsite: www<span class="_ _1"></span>.iso.org</div><div class="t m0 x10 h10 y27 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Published in Switzerland</div><div class="c xa y12 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Copyright International Organization for Standardization </div></div><div class="c xa y13 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Provided by IHS Markit under license with ANSI </div></div><div class="c xc y14 w3 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Not for Resale, 12/20/2018 05:12:40 MST</div></div><div class="c xa y14 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff7 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS</div></div><div class="c x13 y28 w5 h12"><div class="t m1 x14 hc y29 ffa fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">--`,`,,,,,,,`````,``,`,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
<div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/11010281/bg3.jpg"><div class="t m0 x15 hd y17 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x16 he y18 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ISO 26262-11:2018(E)</div><div class="t m0 x17 he y19 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y2a ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws3">F<span class="_ _0"></span>orewo<span class="_ _2"></span>rd<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ls0 ws4"> ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ls0 ws0">v</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y2b ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Introduction<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws5"> ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................</span>vi</div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y2c ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">1 Scope<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws7"> .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ws0">1</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y2d ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2 <span class="_ _9"> </span>Normati<span class="_ _0"></span>ve r<span class="_ _0"></span>eferenc<span class="_ _0"></span>es<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws8"> ......................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>1</div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y2e ffb fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws9"> .....................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span></span><span class="ff2">1</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y2f ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4 <span class="_ _9"> </span>A semiconductor c<span class="_ _0"></span>omponent and its partitioning<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 wsa"> ............................................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>2</div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y30 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.1 <span class="_ _a"> </span>How to consider semiconduct<span class="_ _0"></span>or components<span class="fs8 fc2 wsb"> .............................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span>2</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y31 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.1.1 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Semiconductor component dev<span class="_ _1"></span>elopment<span class="fs8 fc2 wsc"> .................<span class="_ _2"></span>.................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span>2</div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y32 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.2 <span class="_ _a"> </span>Dividing a semiconduct<span class="_ _0"></span>or component in parts<span class="fs8 fc2 wsd"> ...........................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span>2</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y33 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 wse"> .....................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ff1">3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y34 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.3.1 <span class="_ _b"> </span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>ault models<span class="fs8 fc2">.........................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span>3</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y35 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.3.2 <span class="_ _b"> </span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>ailure modes<span class="fs8 fc2 wsf"> .....................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>4</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y36 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.3.3 <span class="_ _b"> </span>The distribution of base failur<span class="_ _0"></span>e rate acr<span class="_ _0"></span>oss failur<span class="_ _0"></span>e modes<span class="fs8 fc2 ws10"> ..........................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span>4</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y37 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws11"> .................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ff1">5</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y38 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws12"> ...............................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ff1">6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y39 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.5.1 <span class="_ _b"> </span>About IP<span class="fs8 fc2 ws13"> ...................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span>6</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y3a ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws14"> ....................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ff1">7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y3b ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws15"> ..............................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _6"> </span></span><span class="ff1">9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y3c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.5.4 <span class="_ _b"> </span>W<span class="_ _1"></span>ork products f<span class="_ _0"></span>or IP<span class="fs8 fc2 ws16"> .................................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>11</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y3d ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws17"> ...................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">14</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y3e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.6 <span class="_ _a"> </span>Base failur<span class="_ _0"></span>e rate f<span class="_ _0"></span>or semiconductors<span class="fs8 fc2 ws18"> ................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span>15</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y3f ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws19"> .....................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span></span><span class="ff1">15</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y40 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.6.2 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Permanent base f<span class="_ _0"></span>ailure r<span class="_ _0"></span>ate calculation methods<span class="fs8 fc2 ws1a"> ...........................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span>20</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y41 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws1b"> .................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">41</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y42 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.7.1 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Introduction t<span class="_ _0"></span>o DF<span class="_ _1"></span>A<span class="fs8 fc2 ws1c"> ....................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>41</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y43 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws1d"> ..................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">42</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y44 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.7.3 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Dependent failur<span class="_ _0"></span>e scenarios<span class="fs8 fc2 ws1e"> ...............................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>42</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y45 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.7.4 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Distinction between cascading f<span class="_ _0"></span>ailures and common cause failur<span class="_ _0"></span>es<span class="fs8 fc2 ws1b"> ..............................<span class="_"> </span></span>45</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y46 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.7.5 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Dependent failur<span class="_ _0"></span>e initiators and mitigation measur<span class="_ _0"></span>es<span class="fs8 fc2">................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>45</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y47 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws1f"> ..................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span><span class="ff1">51</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y48 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws20"> .................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">54</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y49 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.7.8 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Dependent failur<span class="_ _0"></span>es between softw<span class="_ _0"></span>are element and har<span class="_ _0"></span>dw<span class="_ _0"></span>are element<span class="fs8 fc2 ws21"> .......................<span class="_ _7"></span></span>55</div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y4a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.8 <span class="_ _a"> </span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>ault injection<span class="fs8 fc2 ws22"> .......................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>55</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y4b ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2">...................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="fs3 fc0">55</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y4c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.8.2 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Charact<span class="_ _0"></span>eristics or variables of f<span class="_ _0"></span>ault injection<span class="fs8 fc2 ws4"> ......................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>55</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y4d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.8.3 <span class="_ _b"> </span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>ault injection results<span class="fs8 fc2 ws23"> ...............................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>57</div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y4e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.9 <span class="_ _a"> </span>Production and Oper<span class="_ _0"></span>ation<span class="fs8 fc2 ws24"> ..........................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>57</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y4f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.9.1 <span class="_ _b"> </span>About Production<span class="fs8 fc2 ws25"> .........................................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>57</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y50 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.9.2 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Production W<span class="_ _4"></span>ork Products<span class="fs8 fc2 ws26"> ...................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>58</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y51 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws27"> .......................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span><span class="ff1">58</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y52 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.10 <span class="_ _c"> </span>Interfaces within distribut<span class="_ _0"></span>ed dev<span class="_ _0"></span>elopments<span class="fs8 fc2 ws26"> ..............................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>58</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y53 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws28"> ................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">59</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y54 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _c"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws29"> ....................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">59</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y55 ffb fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws2a"> ....................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff2">60</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y56 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1 <span class="_ _a"> </span>Digital components and memories<span class="fs8 fc2">.....................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>60</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y57 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1.1 <span class="_ _b"> </span>About digital components<span class="fs8 fc2 ws2b"> .....................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>60</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y58 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws2c"> ...........................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span><span class="ff1">60</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y59 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1.3 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Detailed fault models of memories<span class="fs8 fc2 ws2d"> ...............................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>61</div><div class="t m0 x1a h13 y5a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.1.4 <span class="_ _b"> </span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>ailure modes of digital components<span class="fs8 fc2 ws2e"> ..........................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span>62</div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y5b ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws2f"> .........................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span><span class="ff1">62</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y5c ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws13"> ....................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">66</span></div><div class="t m0 x1a h14 y5d ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws30"> ..................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">67</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y17 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">© ISO 2018 – All rights reserv<span class="_ _0"></span>ed <span class="_ _d"> </span><span class="fs3">iii</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h15 y5e ff2 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cont<span class="_ _0"></span>ents <span class="_ _e"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1">Page</span></div><div class="c xa y12 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Copyright International Organization for Standardization </div></div><div class="c xa y13 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Provided by IHS Markit under license with ANSI </div></div><div class="c xc y14 w3 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Not for Resale, 12/20/2018 05:12:40 MST</div></div><div class="c xa y14 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff7 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS</div></div><div class="c x1b y5f w5 h12"><div class="t m1 x14 hc y29 ffa fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">--`,`,,,,,,,`````,``,`,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---</div></div><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div 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<div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/11010281/bg4.jpg"><div class="t m0 xf hd y17 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 he y18 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ISO 26262-11:2018(E)</div><div class="t m0 x10 he y19 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y60 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws31"> ....................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">69</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y61 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h13 y62 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">during design of a digital component<span class="fs8 fc2 ws29"> .........................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>70</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y63 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws32"> .........................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">74</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y64 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws33"> .....................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">75</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y65 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws34"> .....................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">76</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y66 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws35"> ..........................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">77</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y67 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _a"> </span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws36"> ................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">80</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y68 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws37"> ..................................................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span><span class="ff1">80</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y69 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws38"> ...................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span><span class="ff1">82</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y6a ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 wsa"> .................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span></span><span class="ff1">91</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y6b ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws39"> ......................................................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span></span><span class="ff1">94</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y6c ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws13"> ...........................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">97</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y6d ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws3a"> ....<span class="_ _3"></span></span><span class="ff1">100</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y6e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.3 <span class="_ _a"> </span>Progr<span class="_ _0"></span>ammable logic devices<span class="fs8 fc2 ws3b"> .................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span>101</div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y6f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.3.1 <span class="_ _b"> </span>About progr<span class="_ _1"></span>ammable logic devices<span class="fs8 fc2 ws3c"> ...........................................................................................................<span class="_ _3"></span></span>101</div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y70 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.3.2 <span class="_ _b"> </span>F<span class="_ _0"></span>ailure modes of PLD<span class="fs8 fc2 ws28"> .............................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span>105</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y71 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws3d"> ..............................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">106</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y72 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws34"> ..............................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">112</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y73 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws3e"> ..................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">113</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y74 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws3f"> ......................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">116</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y75 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws40"> ............................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">116</span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y76 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.4 <span class="_ _a"> </span>Multi-core components<span class="fs8 fc2">..............................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span>116</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y77 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws29"> .................................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">116</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y78 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.4.2 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Implications of ISO 26262 series of standards f<span class="_ _0"></span>or multi-core components<span class="fs8 fc2 ws41"> ...........<span class="_"> </span></span>117</div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y79 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.5 <span class="_ _a"> </span>Sensors and transducers<span class="fs8 fc2 ws42"> ..........................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span>119</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y7a ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws3d"> .............................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">119</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h13 y7b ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.5.2 <span class="_ _b"> </span>Sensors and transducers f<span class="_ _0"></span>ailure modes<span class="fs8 fc2 ws43"> .................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>120</div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y7c ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws44"> ......................................................................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">125</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y7d ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws13"> ..................................................<span class="_ _3"></span></span><span class="ff1">126</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y7e ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 wsd"> ...............................<span class="_"> </span></span><span class="ff1">130</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h14 y7f ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _b"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2">.......................................<span class="_ _2"></span></span><span class="ff1">131</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y80 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Annex A <span class="ff1">(inf<span class="_ _0"></span>ormativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e)<span class="ff2"> Example on how t<span class="_ _0"></span>o use digital failure modes for diagnostic co<span class="_ _0"></span>v<span class="_ _0"></span>erage </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hf y81 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ev<span class="_ _1"></span>aluation<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws45"> .............................................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_"> </span></span>132</div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y82 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Annex B <span class="ff1">(inf<span class="_ _0"></span>ormativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e)<span class="ff2"> Examples of dependent failure anal<span class="_ _0"></span>ysis<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws24"> .......................................................................................<span class="_ _7"></span></span>136</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y83 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Annex C <span class="ff1">(inf<span class="_ _0"></span>ormativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e)<span class="ff2"> Examples of quantitativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e analy<span class="_ _0"></span>sis for a digital component<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws46"> ......................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>150</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y84 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Annex D <span class="ff1">(inf<span class="_ _0"></span>ormativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e)<span class="ff2"> Examples of quantitativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e analy<span class="_ _0"></span>sis for analogue component<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 wsc"> ..................................<span class="_"> </span></span>155</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y85 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Annex E <span class="ff1">(inf<span class="_ _0"></span>ormativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e)<span class="ff2"> Examples of quantitativ<span class="_ _1"></span>e analy<span class="_ _0"></span>sis for PLD component<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws20"> .................................................<span class="_ _7"> </span></span>169</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y86 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Bibliograph<span class="_ _1"></span>y<span class="ff1 fs8 fc2 ws47"> .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................<span class="_ _5"> </span></span>175</div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y17 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws48">iv<span class="ff2 ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _10"> </span><span class="ff1 fs8">© ISO 2018 – All rights reserv<span class="_ _0"></span>ed</span></span></div><div class="c xa y12 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Copyright International Organization for Standardization </div></div><div class="c xa y13 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Provided by IHS Markit under license with ANSI </div></div><div class="c xc y14 w3 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Not for Resale, 12/20/2018 05:12:40 MST</div></div><div class="c xa y14 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff7 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS</div></div><div class="c x1d y87 w5 h12"><div class="t m1 x14 hc y29 ffa fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">--`,`,,,,,,,`````,``,`,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---</div></div><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d 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<div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/11010281/bg5.jpg"><div class="t m0 x15 hd y17 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x16 he y18 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">ISO 26262-11:2018(E)</div><div class="t m0 x18 h15 y88 ff2 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws49">F<span class="_ _1"></span>o<span class="_ _2"></span>rewo<span class="_ _2"></span>rd</div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y89 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4a">ISO (<span class="_ _0"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>he Inter<span class="_ _2"></span>nat<span class="_ _2"></span>iona<span class="_ _2"></span>l Or<span class="_ _2"></span>g<span class="_ _2"></span>an<span class="_ _2"></span>iz<span class="_ _2"></span>at<span class="_ _2"></span>ion for Sta<span class="_ _2"></span>nda<span class="_ _2"></span>rd<span class="_ _2"></span>i<span class="_ _2"></span>zat<span class="_ _2"></span>ion<span class="_ _1"></span>) i<span class="_ _2"></span>s a worl<span class="_ _0"></span>dw<span class="_ _2"></span>ide federat<span class="_ _2"></span>ion of nat<span class="_ _2"></span>ional s<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _3"></span>anda<span class="_ _2"></span>rd<span class="_ _2"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y8a ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _5"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _5"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y8b ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y8c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4b">comm<span class="_ _2"></span>it<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>ee h<span class="_ _2"></span>as b<span class="_ _2"></span>een es<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>abli<span class="_ _2"></span>shed ha<span class="_ _2"></span>s t<span class="_ _2"></span>he r<span class="_ _2"></span>ight t<span class="_ _2"></span>o be repre<span class="_ _2"></span>sented on t<span class="_ _2"></span>h<span class="_ _2"></span>at comm<span class="_ _2"></span>it<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>ee<span class="_ _2"></span>. Inter<span class="_ _2"></span>nat<span class="_ _3"></span>ional </div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y8d ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y8e ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _6"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y8f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws4c">ele<span class="_ _2"></span>c<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _3"></span>ro<span class="_ _2"></span>te<span class="_ _2"></span>c<span class="_ _2"></span>hn<span class="_ _2"></span>ic<span class="_ _2"></span>a<span class="_ _3"></span>l s<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _3"></span>an<span class="_ _2"></span>da<span class="_ _2"></span>r<span class="_ _2"></span>d<span class="_ _2"></span>i<span class="_ _2"></span>z<span class="_ _2"></span>at<span class="_ _3"></span>ion.</div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y90 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4d">T<span class="_ _2"></span>he procedur<span class="_ _2"></span>es u<span class="_ _2"></span>sed t<span class="_ _2"></span>o develo<span class="_ _0"></span>p t<span class="_ _2"></span>hi<span class="_ _2"></span>s doc<span class="_ _2"></span>ument and t<span class="_ _2"></span>hose int<span class="_ _2"></span>ended for it<span class="_ _2"></span>s f<span class="_ _2"></span>ur<span class="_ _3"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>her mai<span class="_ _2"></span>ntena<span class="_ _2"></span>nce a<span class="_ _2"></span>re </div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y91 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y92 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y93 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ff1 fc3 ls7 ws4e">www<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="ls8 ws4f">.iso<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="ls6 ws4c">.<span class="_ _2"></span>or<span class="_ _2"></span>g/<span class="_ _0"></span>d<span class="_ _2"></span>ir<span class="_ _2"></span>e<span class="_ _2"></span>c<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _3"></span>ive<span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="fc0 ls9 ws50">).</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y94 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y95 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y96 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws4c"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y97 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">on t<span class="_ _2"></span>he ISO li<span class="_ _2"></span>st of pat<span class="_ _2"></span>ent decla<span class="_ _2"></span>rat<span class="_ _3"></span>ions received (<span class="_ _0"></span>see <span class="fc3 ls7 ws4e">www<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="ls8 ws4f">.i<span class="_ _2"></span>so<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="lsa ws51">.org/<span class="_ _0"></span>patents<span class="_ _1"></span><span class="fc0 ls9 ws50">).</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y98 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y99 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws4c">con<span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _3"></span>it<span class="_ _2"></span>u<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>e a<span class="_ _2"></span>n endor<span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="_ _2"></span>ement<span class="_ _3"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y9a ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _13"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _13"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y9b ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _6"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _11"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y9c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws52">W<span class="_ _1"></span>orld T<span class="_ _1"></span>rade Or<span class="_ _2"></span>g<span class="_ _2"></span>an<span class="_ _2"></span>i<span class="_ _2"></span>zat<span class="_ _2"></span>ion (<span class="_ _3"></span>W<span class="_ _2"></span>TO) p<span class="_ _0"></span>r<span class="_ _2"></span>inc<span class="_ _2"></span>iples in t<span class="_ _2"></span>he T<span class="_ _4"></span>ec<span class="_ _2"></span>hn<span class="_ _2"></span>ica<span class="_ _2"></span>l B<span class="_ _2"></span>ar<span class="_ _2"></span>r<span class="_ _2"></span>iers t<span class="_ _2"></span>o T<span class="_ _1"></span>r<span class="_ _2"></span>ade (<span class="_ _2"></span>TB<span class="_ _2"></span>T<span class="_ _2"></span>) se<span class="_ _2"></span>e t<span class="_ _2"></span>he followi<span class="_ _2"></span>ng </div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y9d ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">UR<span class="_ _2"></span>L<span class="_ _2"></span>: <span class="fc3 ls7 ws4e">www<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="ls8 ws4f">.iso<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="ls6 ws4c">.<span class="_ _2"></span>org<span class="_ _2"></span>/i<span class="_ _2"></span>so<span class="_ _0"></span>/fore<span class="_ _2"></span>word<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="lsb ws53">.<span class="_ _2"></span>ht<span class="_ _2"></span>m<span class="_ _2"></span>l<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="fc0 ls0 ws0">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y9e ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"></span><span class="_ _7"></span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _5"> </span><span class="_ _5"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y9f ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 ya0 ff9 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _3"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _0"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _2"></span><span class="_ _1"></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 ya1 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">compl<span class="_ _0"></span>et<span class="_ _2"></span>e li<span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>ing of t<span class="_ _2"></span>hese b<span class="_ _2"></span>odies c<span class="_ _2"></span>a<span class="_ _2"></span>n be found at <span class="fc3 ls7 ws4e">www<span class="_ _4"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="ls8 ws4f">.i<span class="_ _2"></span>so<span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="ls6 ws4c">.or<span class="_ _2"></span>g<span class="_ _2"></span>/member<span class="_ _2"></span>s<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="ls0 ws0"> <span class="_ _12"></span><span class="lsb ws53">.<span class="_ _2"></span>ht<span class="_ _2"></span>m<span class="_ _2"></span>l<span class="_ _2"></span><span class="fc0 ls0 ws0">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 ya2 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">A li<span class="_ _2"></span>st of a<span class="_ _2"></span>l<span class="_ _2"></span>l pa<span class="_ _2"></span>r<span class="_ _2"></span>t<span class="_ _2"></span>s i<span class="_ _2"></span>n t<span class="_ _2"></span>he ISO 262<span class="_ _0"></span>62 se<span class="_ _0"></span>r<span class="_ _2"></span>ies c<span class="_ _2"></span>an b<span class="_ _2"></span>e found on t<span class="_ _2"></span>he ISO website<span class="_ _2"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x17 he y19 ff2 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x18 h13 y17 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">© ISO 2018 – All rights reserv<span class="_ _0"></span>ed <span class="_ _14"> </span><span class="fs3">v</span></div><div class="c xa y12 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Copyright International Organization for Standardization </div></div><div class="c xa y13 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff5 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Provided by IHS Markit under license with ANSI </div></div><div class="c xc y14 w3 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff6 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Not for Resale, 12/20/2018 05:12:40 MST</div></div><div class="c xa y14 w2 h9"><div class="t m0 xb ha y13 ff7 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS</div></div><div class="c x1e ya3 w5 h12"><div class="t m1 x14 hc y29 ffa fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">--`,`,,,,,,,`````,``,`,```,,,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---</div></div><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m2"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.611850,0.000000,0.000000,1.611850,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
