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DOS命令随身“滋补贴”.pdf

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命

令

随

身

“

滋

补

贴

”

DOS 命令随身“滋补贴” ························· 1

DOS 命令的特点 ··························································································1

命令格式约定 ·······························································································1

DOS 内部命令 ·············································································································1

显示文件和目录-DIR ···························································································2

命令参数 ······································································································2

举例说明 ······································································································3

复制文件-COPY ··································································································4

命令参数 ······································································································4

举例说明 ······································································································5

删除文件-DEL（ERASE） ·················································································6

命令参数 ······································································································6

举例说明 ······································································································6

更改文件名-REN ·································································································6

举例说明 ······································································································7

切换驱动器 ··········································································································7

改变当前目录-CD ································································································7

命令参数 ······································································································7

举例说明 ······································································································8

建立目录-MD ······································································································9

命令参数 ······································································································9

举例说明 ···································································································· 10

删除目录-RD ····································································································· 10

命令参数 ···································································································· 10

举例说明 ···································································································· 11

显示文本文件的内容-TYPE ·············································································· 11

命令参数 ···································································································· 11

清除屏幕-CLS···································································································· 11

命令参数 ···································································································· 12

举例说明 ···································································································· 12

显示当前系统日期-DATE ·················································································· 12

系统命令的联机帮助-HELP ·············································································· 13

命令参数 ···································································································· 13

举例说明 ···································································································· 13

显示或设置系统时间-TIME ·············································································· 14

命令参数 ···································································································· 14

举例说明 ···································································································· 14

更改 DOS 提示符-PROMPT ·············································································· 15

命令参数 ···································································································· 15

举例说明 ···································································································· 16

显示当前系统版本号-VER ················································································ 16

命令参数 ···································································································· 16

DOS 外部命令 ··········································································································· 17

磁盘分区命令-FDISK ························································································ 17

命令格式 ···································································································· 17

参数说明 ···································································································· 17

格式化命令－FORMAT ····················································································· 18

命令格式 ···································································································· 18

参数说明 ···································································································· 18

复制文件和目录-XCOPY ·················································································· 19

命令格式 ···································································································· 19

参数说明 ···································································································· 19

磁盘检查命令－CHKDSK ················································································· 20

命令格式 ···································································································· 20

参数说明 ···································································································· 20

删除目录结构-DELTREE ·················································································· 20

显示或更改文件属性-ATTRIB ·········································································· 21

命令格式 ···································································································· 21

参数说明 ···································································································· 21

创建和更改文本文件-EDIT ··············································································· 21

从光盘中提取文件-EXPAND ············································································ 21

命令参数 ···································································································· 22

参数说明 ···································································································· 22

创建或修改磁盘卷标-LABEL ··········································································· 22

命令格式 ···································································································· 22

装机 DOS 实践应用 ·································································································· 23

磁盘分区 ············································································································ 23

全新硬盘分区 ····························································································· 23

在已有分区基础上重新分区 ······································································ 28

磁盘格式化 ········································································································ 30

DOS 环境下安装操作系统 ················································································ 31

自制批处理文件 ········································································································ 32

批处理文件的特点及作用 ················································································· 32

批处理文件的命令使用 ····················································································· 33

＠命令 ········································································································ 33

ECHO 命令 ································································································ 33

CALL 命令 ································································································· 33

CHOICE 命令 ····························································································· 34

FOR 命令 ··································································································· 34

GOTO 命令 ································································································ 35

IF 命令 ······································································································· 35

PAUSE 命令 ······························································································· 36

REM 命令 ··································································································· 36

SHIFT 命令 ································································································ 36

制作批处理文件 ························································································· 37

命

令

随

身

“

滋

补

贴

”

DOS（Disk Operation System，即磁盘操作系统）命令是操作系统提供给用户的一组专

用程序，每个程序完成一种特定的功能，用户只需在 DOS 状态下以命令方式调用这些程序

即可。借助于 DOS 命令，可以实现在 Windows 下不能完成的操作、Windows 拒绝执行的操

作、Windows 完成不好的操作，大大方便用户使用。

要能够熟练地掌握 DOS 命令，必须先了解 DOS 命令的一些基本约定。

DOS 命令的特点

DOS 命令具有以下几个特点：

 DOS 命令不区分大、小写字母。在使用 DOS 命令时，不必拘泥于本书介绍的命令

的大小写表示。

 DOS 命令必须在命令提示符下，或在批处理文件以及系统配置文件中执行，执行

完毕后，系统又将自动回到命令提示符下。

 DOS 命令可以有一个或多个参数或开关，但命令与参数之间必须有分隔符号（空

格、逗号、分号、等号或 Tab 键），通常均用空格作为分隔符号。

 当键入一个命令后，必须按回车键，系统才接收并执行该命令。后面叙述到执行

DOS 命令时不再特意指出“按下回车键”。

 某些 DOS 命令允许使用通配符。通配符“?”可代表一个合法的字符或空字符；通

配符“*”可代表若干个字符。以下介绍的 DOS 命令中具体用到时会有详细解释。

命令格式约定

本书在描述 DOS 命令的使用方法（包括参数选用）时采用的标记方式和符号的意义如

下所示：

[ ]：方括号中的项目为可选项，表示根据实际情况，可用可不用。如要选用，则键入其

中的内容，但方括号本身并不需要键入。

|：竖线分隔的项目只能任选其一，如：A|B|C，表示只能在 A、B、C 三项中任选一项。

drive：表示要用磁盘驱动器号来替代。

Path：表示要用具体的路径来替代。

Filename：表示要用具体的文件名来替代。

至于命令格式中的其他符号，如“=”、“,”、“ ?”、“*”、“ :”、“\”和“/”等，应全部为

英文状态下键入。使用时按原样输入，方括号中的内容除外。

内

部

命

令

DOS 的内部命令是用户进行操作的基础。它是由 COMMAND.COM 本身可以实现的命

令，内部命令所对应的执行子程序就包含在 COMMAND.COM 文件里。每当系统引导的时

候，COMMAND.COM 执行程序就驻留在内存的暂存区里。所以执行内部程序时，无需再

装载其他文件即可执行。

显示文件和目录-DIR

DIR 命令用于显示目录文件和子目录列表。如果在没有参数的情况下使用，则 DIR 显

示磁盘的卷标和序列号，后接磁盘上目录和文件的列表，包括它们的名称和最近修改的日期

及时间。DIR 可以显示文件的扩展名以及文件的字节大小。DIR 也显示列出的文件及目录的

总数、累计大小和磁盘上保留的可用空间（以字节为单位）。

命令参数

格式：

dir

[drive:][path][filename][…][/p][/q][/w][/d][/a[[:]attributes]][/o[[:]sortorder]][/t[[:]timefield]][/s][/b

][/l][/n][/x][/c][/4]

参数说明：

[drive:][path]：指定要查看列表的驱动器和目录。

[filename]：指定要查看列表的特定文件或一组文件。

/p：每次显示一个列表屏幕。要查看下一屏，请按键盘上的任意键。

/q：显示文件所有权信息，即该文件由谁创建。

/w：以宽格式（即简略格式）显示列表，在每一行上最多显示 5 个文件名或目录名。

/d：与/w 相同，但是文件按列而不是按行进行排序。

/a[[:]attributes]：只显示那些指定属性的目录和文件名称。如果省略/a，DIR 将显示除隐

藏文件和系统文件之外的所有文件名。如果在没有指定 attributes 的情况下使用/a，DIR 显示

所有文件的名称，包括隐藏文件和系统文件。其中冒号（:）是可选的。表 1 中描述了每个

可用于 Attributes 的值。使用这些值组合，并且不得用空格分隔这些值。

表 1 可用于 Attributes 的值

值

说明

值

说明

隐藏文件

-h

非隐藏文件

系统文件

-s

系统文件以外的文件

只是文件（非目录）

准备好存档的文件

-a

自上次备份后没有更改过的文件

只读文件

-r

非只读文件

/o[[:]sortorder]：控制 DIR 排序和显示目录名和文件名的顺序。如果省略/o，DIR 将按它

们在目录中出现的顺序显示名称。如果在没有指定 sortorder 的情况下使用/o，DIR 显示按字

母顺序排列的目录名，然后显示按字母顺序排列的文件名。冒号（：）是可选的。表 1-2 中

描述了每个可用于 sortorder 的值。使用这些值的任意组合，并不要用空格分隔这些值。

表 2 可用于 sortorder 的值

值

说明

值

说明

按名称的字母顺序

-n

按名称的逆序字母（从 Z 到 A）排序

按扩展名的字母顺序

-e

按扩展名的逆序字母（从.ZZZ 到.AAA）排序

按日期和时间，最早的优先

按日期和时间，最晚的优先

按大小，最小的优先

-s

按大小，最大的优先

在文件之前分组的目录

-g

在文件之后分组的目录

/t[[:]timefield]：指定显示或用于排序的时间字段。表 3 中描述了每个可用于 timefield 的

值。

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评论收藏

内容反馈

im_ym

2014-03-25

还不错，学习DOS 命令用的上～

haiyang6713

粉丝: 0
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