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Linux Administration A Beginner's Guide
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Linux Administration:
A Beginner’s Guide
Fifth Edition
WALE SOYINKA
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Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as per-
mitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
0-07-154625-1
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-154588-3.
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name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the
trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate train-
ing programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-
4069.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the
work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve
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THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS
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or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
DOI: 10.1036/0071545883
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Wale Soyinka (Canada) is a systems/network engineering consultant with several years
experience in the field. He has written an extensive library of Linux administration train-
ing materials. In addition to being a co-author of the fourth edition of Linux Administration:
A Beginner’s Guide, he is the author of a projects lab manual—Microsoft Windows 2000 Man-
aging Network Environments, which is part of the Microsoft certification series published
by Prentice Hall. Wale participates in several open source discussions and projects. His
latest project is at caffe*nix (www.caffenix.com) where he usually hangs out. caffe*nix is
possibly the world’s first (or only existing) brick-and-mortar store committed and dedi-
cated to prompting and showcasing open source technologies and culture.
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR
Steve Shah (San Jose, California) is the chief technology officer (CTO) and co-founder
of Asyncast, where he leads the product strategy and engineering groups. Prior to start-
ing Asyncast, Steve was the founder and principal of RisingEdge Consulting where he
provided strategic marketing services for a number of Silicon Valley infrastructure com-
panies. To earn his chops, Steve grew to be a prominent player in network load balanc-
ing, application delivery controllers, and Secure Sockets Layer-virtual private network
(SSL-VPN) markets as the director of product management at NetScaler (acquired by
Citrix) and Array Networks. Before turning into a marketing droid who is eerily com-
fortable at a Unix command prompt, Steve was a senior software engineer and systems
administrator at numerous companies. Steve holds a bachelor of science (BS) in com-
puter science with a minor in creative writing and a master in science (MS) in computer
science from University of California Riverside.
ABOUT THE TECHNICAL EDITOR
Dr. Ibrahim Haddad is director of technology at Motorola, Inc. and is responsible for
defining and developing the requirements for Motorola’s open source initiatives. Prior
to Motorola, Dr. Haddad managed the carrier-grade Linux and Mobile Linux Initiatives
at the Open Source Development Lab (OSDL), which included promoting the develop-
ment and adoption of Linux and open source software in the communications industry.
Prior to joining OSDL, Dr. Haddad was a senior researcher at the Research & Innova-
tion Department of Ericsson’s Corporate Unit of Research. He is a contributing editor
for Linux Journal and Enterprise Open Source magazines. Haddad received his BS and
MS degrees in computer science from the Lebanese American University, and his PhD
in computer science from Concordia University in Montreal, Canada. In 2000, he was
awarded by Concordia University both the J.W. McConnell Memorial Graduate Fel-
lowship, and the Concordia University 25th Anniversary Fellowship, in recognition for
academic excellence. In 2007, he was the winner of the Big Idea Innovation Award in
Recognition of Leadership and Vision at Motorola, Inc.
Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click here for terms of use.
v
CONTENTS
Foreword ........................................... xx
Acknowledgments .................................... xxi
Introduction ........................................ xxii
Part I
Installing Linux as a Server
▼
1
Technical Summary of Linux Distributions ........................ 3
Linux—The Operating System ............................ 4
What Is Open Source Software and GNU All About? ...... 5
What Is the GNU Public License? ..................... 7
The Advantages of Open Source Software ................... 8
Understanding the Differences Between Windows and Linux . . . 9
Summary ........................................... 14
▼
2
Installing Linux in a Server Configuration ....................... 15
Hardware and Environmental Considerations .............. 16
Server Design ........................................ 16
Uptime ......................................... 18
Dual-Booting Issues ................................... 18
Linux Administration: A Beginner’s Guide
vi
Methods of Installation ................................. 19
Installing Fedora ...................................... 20
Project Prerequisites ............................... 20
Carrying Out the Installation ........................ 21
Initial System Configuration ........................ 36
Installing Ubuntu Server ............................... 37
Summary ........................................... 41
▼
3
Managing Software ...................................... 43
The RPM Package Manager ............................. 44
The Debian Package Management System .................. 47
APT........................................... 47
Managing Software Using RPM ........................... 48
Querying for Information the RPM Way
(Getting to Know One Another) ..................... 48
Installing with RPM (Moving In Together) ............. 51
Uninstalling Software with RPM (Ending the Relationship) . . 54
Other Things You Can Do with RPM ................. 55
Software Management in Ubuntu ........................ 58
Querying for Information .......................... 58
Installing Software in Ubuntu ....................... 59
Removing Software in Ubuntu ...................... 59
GUI RPM Package Managers ....................... 60
Compile and Install GNU Software ....................... 62
Getting and Unpacking the Package .................. 62
Looking for Documentation
(Getting to Know Each Other—Again) ................ 64
Configuring the Package ........................... 64
Compiling the Package ............................ 65
Installing the Package ............................. 66
Testing the Software ............................... 66
Cleanup ........................................ 67
Common Problems when Building from Source Code ........ 67
Problems with Libraries ............................ 68
When There Is No configure Script ................... 68
Broken Source Code ............................... 68
Summary ........................................... 69
Part II
Single-Host Administration
▼
4
Managing Users ........................................ 73
What Exactly Constitutes a User?......................... 74
Where User Information Is Kept ..................... 74
The /etc/passwd File ............................. 75
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