OpenStack Compute
Administration Manual
Nov 2, 2011 Diablo
ii
OpenStack Compute Administration Manual
Diablo (2011-11-02)
Copyright © 2010, 2011 OpenStack LLC Some rights reserved.
OpenStack™ Compute offers open source software for cloud administration and management for any
organization. This manual provides guidance for installing, managing, and understanding the software
that runs OpenStack Compute.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You
may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
permissions and limitations under the License.
Except where otherwise noted, this document is licensed under
Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode
OpenStack Compute
Administration Manual
Nov 2, 2011 Diablo
iii
Table of Contents
1. Getting Started with OpenStack .................................................................................. 1
What is OpenStack? ................................................................................................ 1
Components of OpenStack ...................................................................................... 1
OpenStack Project Architecture Overview ................................................................ 2
Cloud Provider Conceptual Architecture .......................................................... 3
OpenStack Compute Logical Architecture ........................................................ 5
Nova Conceptual Mapping .............................................................................. 7
Why Cloud? ............................................................................................................ 9
2. Introduction to OpenStack Compute ......................................................................... 11
Hypervisors ............................................................................................................ 11
Users and Projects ................................................................................................. 11
Images and Instances ............................................................................................ 12
System Architecture ............................................................................................... 13
Storage and OpenStack Compute .......................................................................... 13
3. Installing OpenStack Compute ................................................................................... 14
System Requirements ............................................................................................ 14
Example Installation Architectures ......................................................................... 15
Service Architecture ............................................................................................... 16
Installing OpenStack Compute on Ubuntu ............................................................. 17
ISO Distribution Installation ........................................................................... 17
Scripted Installation ....................................................................................... 18
Manual Installation ....................................................................................... 18
Installing OpenStack Compute on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 ................................. 21
Post-Installation Configuration for OpenStack Compute ......................................... 24
Setting Flags in the nova.conf File ................................................................. 24
Setting Up OpenStack Compute Environment on the Compute Node ............. 26
Creating Credentials ...................................................................................... 26
Enabling Access to VMs on the Compute Node .............................................. 27
Configuring Multiple Compute Nodes ............................................................ 27
Determining the Version of Compute ............................................................ 29
Migrating from Cactus to Diablo ................................................................... 29
4. Configuring OpenStack Compute .............................................................................. 47
General Compute Configuration Overview ............................................................. 47
Example nova.conf Configuration Files .................................................................. 47
Configuring Logging .............................................................................................. 49
Configuring Hypervisors ......................................................................................... 50
Configuring Authentication and Authorization ...................................................... 50
Configuring Compute to use IPv6 Addresses .......................................................... 52
Configuring Image Service and Storage for Compute ............................................. 53
Configuring Live Migrations ................................................................................... 54
Configuring Database Connections ........................................................................ 57
Configuring the Compute Messaging System ......................................................... 57
5. Hypervisors ................................................................................................................ 59
Selecting a Hypervisor ........................................................................................... 59
Hypervisor Configuration Basics ............................................................................. 59
6. OpenStack Compute Automated Installations ............................................................ 61
Deployment Tool for OpenStack using Puppet ....................................................... 61
OpenStack Compute Installation Using VirtualBox, Vagrant, And Chef ................... 66
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Nov 2, 2011 Diablo
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7. Networking ............................................................................................................... 69
Networking Options .............................................................................................. 69
Cloudpipe — Per Project Vpns ................................................................................ 70
Creating a Cloudpipe Image .......................................................................... 70
VPN Access .................................................................................................... 71
Certificates and Revocation ........................................................................... 71
Restarting and Logging into the Cloudpipe VPN ............................................ 72
Configuring Networking on the Compute Node .................................................... 72
Configuring Flat Networking ......................................................................... 73
Configuring Flat DHCP Networking ................................................................ 75
Outbound Traffic Flow with Any Flat Networking .......................................... 77
Configuring VLAN Networking ...................................................................... 78
Enabling Ping and SSH on VMs ...................................................................... 80
Allocating and Associating IP Addresses with Instances .................................. 81
Associating a Public IP Address ...................................................................... 81
Removing a Network from a Project ..................................................................... 82
Existing High Availability Options for Networking .................................................. 82
8. System Administration ............................................................................................... 87
Starting Images ..................................................................................................... 88
Deleting Instances ................................................................................................. 89
Image management .............................................................................................. 89
Creating a Linux Image – Ubuntu & Fedora ................................................... 90
Creating a Windows Image ................................................................................... 95
Understanding the Compute Service Architecture .................................................. 96
Managing the Cloud ............................................................................................. 98
Managing Compute Users ..................................................................................... 98
Managing Volumes ............................................................................................. 100
Using Live Migration ........................................................................................... 113
Nova Disaster Recovery Process ........................................................................... 114
Reference for Flags in nova.conf .......................................................................... 118
9. OpenStack Interfaces ............................................................................................... 125
About the Dashboard .......................................................................................... 125
System Requirements for the Dashboard ..................................................... 125
Installing the OpenStack Dashboard ............................................................ 125
Getting Started with the VNC Proxy .................................................................... 128
Configuring the VNC Proxy .......................................................................... 129
Enabling VNC Consoles in Nova ................................................................... 129
Getting an Instance's VNC Console .............................................................. 129
10. OpenStack Compute Tutorials ................................................................................ 130
Running Your First Elastic Web Application on the Cloud ..................................... 130
Part I: Setting Up the Cloud Infrastructure ................................................... 130
Part II: Getting Virtual Machines to Run the Virtual Servers .......................... 133
Part III: Installing the Needed Software for the Web-Scale Scenario ............... 134
Running a Blog in the Cloud ........................................................................ 135
11. Support and Troubleshooting ................................................................................ 136
Community Support ............................................................................................ 136
Troubleshooting OpenStack Object Storage ......................................................... 137
Handling Drive Failure ................................................................................. 137
Handling Server Failure ................................................................................ 138
Detecting Failed Drives ................................................................................ 138
Troubleshooting OpenStack Compute .................................................................. 138
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