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图数据Neo4j的经典图书。Neo4j 使用数据结构中图(graph)的概念来进行建模。Neo4j 中两个最基本的概念是节点和边。节点表示实体,边则表示实体之间的关系。节点和边都可以有自己的属性。不同实体通过各种不同的关系关联起来,形成复杂的对象图。Neo4j 同时提供了在对象图上进行查找和遍历的功能。
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Ian Robinson, Jim Webber, and Emil Eifrem
Graph Databases
Graph Databases
by Ian Robinson, Jim Webber, and Emil Eifrem
Copyright © 2013 Neo Technology, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are
also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/
institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
Editors: Mike Loukides and Nathan Jepson
Production Editor: Kara Ebrahim
Copyeditor: Kim Cofer
Proofreader: Kevin Broccoli
Indexer: Stephen Ingle, WordCo Indexing
Cover Designer: Randy Comer
Interior Designer: David Futato
Illustrator: Kara Ebrahim
June 2013:
First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition:
2013-05-20: First release
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449356262 for release details.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly
Media, Inc. Graph Databases, the image of a European octopus, and related trade dress are trademarks of
O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trade‐
mark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained
herein.
ISBN: 978-1-449-35626-2
[LSI]
Table of Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1.
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What Is a Graph? 1
A High-Level View of the Graph Space 4
Graph Databases 5
Graph Compute Engines 6
The Power of Graph Databases 8
Performance 8
Flexibility 8
Agility 9
Summary 9
2.
Options for Storing Connected Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Relational Databases Lack Relationships 11
NOSQL Databases Also Lack Relationships 14
Graph Databases Embrace Relationships 18
Summary 23
3.
Data Modeling with Graphs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Models and Goals 25
The Property Graph Model 26
Querying Graphs: An Introduction to Cypher 27
Cypher Philosophy 27
START 29
MATCH 29
RETURN 30
Other Cypher Clauses 30
iii
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