GENIA corpus3.02p生物医学实体识别语料库

UI/LS -/: 95369245/CD ==================== TI/LS -/: IL-2/NN gene/NN expression/NN and/CC NF-kappa/NN B/NN activation/NN through/IN CD28/NN requires/VBZ reactive/JJ oxygen/NN production/NN by/IN 5-lipoxygenase/NN ./. ==================== AB/LS -/: Activation/NN of/IN the/DT CD28/NN surface/NN receptor/NN provides/VBZ a/DT major/JJ costimulatory/JJ signal/NN for/IN T/NN cell/NN activation/NN resulting/VBG in/IN enhanced/VBN production/NN of/IN interleukin-2/NN (/( IL-2/NN )/) and/CC cell/NN proliferation/NN ./. ==================== In/IN primary/JJ T/NN lymphocytes/NNS we/PRP show/VBP that/IN CD28/NN ligation/NN leads/VBZ to/TO the/DT rapid/JJ intracellular/JJ formation/NN of/IN reactive/JJ oxygen/NN intermediates/NNS (/( ROIs/NNS )/) which/WDT are/VBP required/VBN for/IN CD28-mediated/JJ activation/NN of/IN the/DT NF-kappa/NN B/CD28-responsive/JJ complex/NN and/CC IL-2/NN expression/NN ./. ==================== Delineation/NN of/IN the/DT CD28/NN signaling/NN cascade/NN was/VBD found/VBN to/TO involve/VB protein/NN tyrosine/NN kinase/NN activity/NN ,/, followed/VBN by/IN the/DT activation/NN of/IN phospholipase/NN A2/NN and/CC 5-lipoxygenase/NN ./. ==================== Our/PRP$ data/NNS suggest/VBP that/IN lipoxygenase/NN metabolites/NNS activate/VBP ROI/NN formation/NN which/WDT then/RB induce/VBP IL-2/NN expression/NN via/IN NF-kappa/NN B/NN activation/NN ./. ==================== These/DT findings/NNS should/MD be/VB useful/JJ for/IN therapeutic/JJ strategies/NNS and/CC the/DT development/NN of/IN immunosuppressants/NNS targeting/VBG the/DT CD28/NN costimulatory/NN pathway/NN ./. ==================== UI/LS -/: 95333264/CD ==================== TI/LS -/: The/DT peri-kappa/NN B/NN site/NN mediates/VBZ human/JJ immunodeficiency/NN virus/NN type/NN 2/CD enhancer/NN activation/NN in/IN monocytes/NNS but/CC not/RB in/IN T/NN cells/NNS ./. ==================== AB/LS -/: Human/JJ immunodeficiency/NN virus/NN type/NN 2/CD (/( HIV-2/NN )/) ,/, like/IN HIV-1/NN ,/, causes/VBZ AIDS/NN and/CC is/VBZ associated/VBN with/IN AIDS/NN cases/NNS primarily/RB in/IN West/NNP Africa/NNP ./. ==================== HIV-1/NN and/CC HIV-2/NN display/VBP significant/JJ differences/NNS in/IN nucleic/JJ acid/NN sequence/NN and/CC in/IN the/DT natural/JJ history/NN of/IN clinical/JJ disease/NN ./. ==================== Consistent/JJ with/IN these/DT differences/NNS ,/, we/PRP have/VBP previously/RB demonstrated/VBN that/IN the/DT enhancer/promoter/NN region/NN of/IN HIV-2/NN functions/VBZ quite/RB differently/RB from/IN that/DT of/IN HIV-1/NN ./. ==================== Whereas/IN activation/NN of/IN the/DT HIV-1/NN enhancer/NN following/VBG T-cell/NN stimulation/NN is/VBZ mediated/VBN largely/RB through/IN binding/NN of/IN the/DT transcription/NN factor/NN NF-kappa/NN B/NN to/TO two/CD adjacent/JJ kappa/NN B/NN sites/NNS in/IN the/DT HIV-1/NN long/JJ terminal/JJ repeat/NN ,/, activation/NN of/IN the/DT HIV-2/NN enhancer/NN in/IN monocytes/NNS and/CC T/NN cells/NNS is/VBZ dependent/JJ on/IN four/CD cis-acting/JJ elements/NNS :/: a/DT single/JJ kappa/NN B/NN site/NN ,/, two/CD purine-rich/JJ binding/VBG sites/NNS ,/, PuB1/NN and/CC PuB2/NN ,/, and/CC a/DT pets/NN site/NN ./. ==================== We/PRP have/VBP now/RB identified/VBN a/DT novel/JJ cis-acting/JJ element/NN within/IN the/DT HIV-2/NN enhancer/NN ,/, immediately/RB upstream/JJ of/IN the/DT kappa/NN B/NN site/NN ,/, designated/VBN peri-kappa/NN B/NN ./. ==================== This/DT site/NN is/VBZ conserved/VBN among/IN isolates/NNS of/IN HIV-2/NN and/CC the/DT closely/RB related/JJ simian/JJ immunodeficiency/NN virus/NN ,/, and/CC transfection/NN assays/NNS show/VBP this/DT site/NN to/TO mediate/VB HIV-2/NN enhancer/NN activation/NN following/VBG stimulation/NN of/IN monocytic/JJ but/CC not/RB T-cell/NN lines/NNS ./. ==================== This/DT is/VBZ the/DT first/JJ description/NN of/IN an/DT HIV-2/NN enhancer/NN element/NN which/WDT displays/VBZ such/JJ monocyte/NN specificity/NN ,/, and/CC no/DT comparable/JJ enhancer/NN element/NN has/VBZ been/VBN clearly/RB defined/VBN for/IN HIV-1/NN ./. ==================== While/IN a/DT nuclear/JJ factor/NN (/( s/NNS )/) from/IN both/CC peripheral/JJ blood/NN monocytes/NNS and/CC T/NN cells/NNS binds/VBZ the/DT peri-kappa/NN B/NN site/NN ,/, electrophoretic/JJ mobility/NN shift/NN assays/NNS suggest/VBP that/IN either/CC a/DT different/JJ protein/NN binds/VBZ to/TO this/DT site/NN in/IN monocytes/NNS versus/CC T/NN cells/NNS or/CC that/IN the/DT protein/NN recognizing/VBG this/DT enhancer/NN element/NN undergoes/VBZ differential/JJ modification/NN in/IN monocytes/NNS and/CC T/NN cells/NNS ,/, thus/RB supporting/VBG the/DT transfection/NN data/NNS ./. ==================== Further/RB ,/, while/IN specific/JJ constitutive/JJ binding/NN to/TO the/DT peri-kappa/NN B/NN site/NN is/VBZ seen/VBN in/IN monocytes/NNS ,/, stimulation/NN with/IN phorbol/NN esters/NNS induces/VBZ additional/JJ ,/, specific/JJ binding/NN ./. ==================== Understanding/VBG the/DT monocyte-specific/JJ function/NN of/IN the/DT peri-kappa/NN B/NN factor/NN may/MD ultimately/RB provide/VB insight/NN into/IN the/DT different/JJ role/NN monocytes/NNS and/CC T/NN cells/NNS play/VBP in/IN HIV/NN pathogenesis/NN ./. ==================== UI/LS -/: 95343554/CD ==================== TI/LS -/: E1A/NN gene/NN expression/NN induces/VBZ susceptibility/NN to/TO killing/NN by/IN NK/NN cells/NNS following/VBG immortalization/NN but/CC not/RB adenovirus/NN infection/NN of/IN human/JJ cells/NNS ./. ==================== AB/LS -/: Adenovirus/NN (/( Ad/NN )/) infection/NN and/CC E1A/NN transfection/NN were/VBD used/VBN to/TO model/VB changes/NNS in/IN susceptibility/NN to/TO NK/NN cell/NN killing/NN caused/VBN by/IN transient/JJ vs/CC stable/JJ E1A/NN expression/NN in/IN human/JJ cells/NNS ./. ==================== Only/RB stably/RB transfected/VBN target/NN cells/NNS exhibited/VBD cytolytic/JJ susceptibility/NN ,/, despite/IN expression/NN of/IN equivalent/JJ levels/NNS of/IN E1A/NN proteins/NNS in/IN Ad-infected/JJ targets/NNS ./. ==================== The/DT inability/NN of/IN E1A/NN gene/NN products/NNS to/TO induce/VB cytolytic/JJ susceptibility/NN during/IN infection/NN was/VBD not/RB explained/VBN by/IN an/DT inhibitory/JJ effect/NN of/IN viral/JJ infection/NN on/IN otherwise/RB susceptible/JJ target/NN cells/NNS or/CC by/IN viral/JJ gene/NN effects/NNS on/IN class/NN I/CD MHC/NN antigen/NN expression/NN on/IN target/NN cells/NNS ./. ==================== This/DT differential/JJ effect/NN of/IN E1A/NN expression/NN on/IN the/DT cytolytic/JJ phenotypes/NNS of/IN infected/JJ and/CC stably/RB transfected/VBN human/JJ cells/NNS suggests/VBZ that/IN human/JJ NK/NN cells/NNS provide/VBP an/DT effective/JJ immunologic/JJ barrier/NN against/IN the/DT in/FW vivo/FW survival/NN and/CC neoplastic/JJ progression/NN of/IN E1A-immortalized/JJ cells/NNS that/WDT may/MD emerge/VB from/IN the/DT reservoir/NN of/IN persistently/RB infected/JJ cells/NNS in/IN the/DT human/JJ host/NN ./. ==================== UI/LS -/: 95347379/CD ==================== TI/LS -/: Distinct/JJ signaling/NN properties/NNS identify/VBP functionally/RB different/JJ CD4/NN epitopes/NNS ./. ==================== AB/LS -/: The/DT CD4/NN coreceptor/NN interacts/VBZ with/IN non-polymorphic/JJ regions/NNS of/IN major/JJ histocompatibility/NN complex/NN class/NN II/CD molecules/NNS on/IN antigen-presenting/JJ cells/NNS and/CC contributes/VBZ to/TO T/NN cell/NN activation/NN ./. ==================== We/PRP have/VBP investigated/VBN the/DT effect/NN of/IN CD4/NN triggering/NN on/IN T/NN cell/NN activating/NN signals/NNS in/IN a/DT lymphoma/NN model/NN using/VBG monoclonal/JJ antibodies/NNS (/( mAb/NN )/) which/WDT recognize/VBP different/JJ CD4/NN epitopes/NNS ./. ==================== We/PRP demonstrate/VBP that/IN CD4/NN triggering/NN delivers/VBZ signals/NNS capable/JJ of/IN activating/VBG the/DT NF-AT/NN transcription/NN factor/NN which/WDT is/VBZ required/VBN for/IN interleuki