CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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UESTIONS
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1.1 Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact on the
logical execution of a program. Computer organization refers to the operational
units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.
Examples of architectural attributes include the instruction set, the number of bits
used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O mechanisms,
and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational attributes include those
hardware details transparent to the programmer, such as control signals;
interfaces between the computer and peripherals; and the memory technology
used.
1.2 Computer structure refers to the way in which the components of a computer are
interrelated. Computer function refers to the operation of each individual
component as part of the structure.
1.3 Data processing; data storage; data movement; and control.
1.4 Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the computer and
performs its data processing functions; often simply referred to as processor.
Main memory: Stores data.
I/O: Moves data between the computer and its external environment.
System interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for communication
among CPU, main memory, and I/O. A common example of system
interconnection is by means of a system bus, consisting of a number of conducting
wires to which all the other components attach.
1.5 Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the computer’s data processing
functions
Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPU
CPU interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for communication among
the control unit, ALU, and registers
