Agreement
Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical
United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles,
Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be
Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for
Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the
Basis of these United Nations Regulations
(Revision 3, including the amendments which entered into force on 14 September
2017)
Addendum 78: UN Regulation No. 79
Revision 4
Incorporating all valid text up to:
Supplement 1 to the 02 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 18 October
2018 03 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 18 October 2018
Supplement 1 to the 03 series - Date of entry into force: 12 January 2020
Supplement 2 to the 03 series - Date of entry into force: 25 September 2020
Supplement 3 to the 03 series – Date of entry into force: 3 January 2021
Supplement 4 to the 03 series – Date of entry into force: 30 September 2021
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of
vehicles with regard to steering equipment
UN R. 079 - Supplement 4 to the 03 series
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UN Regulation No. 79
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with
regard to steering equipment
Contents
Regulation Page
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3
1. Scope ............................................................................................................................. 4
2. Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 4
3. Application for approval ............................................................................................... 11
4. Approval ........................................................................................................................ 11
5. Construction provisions ................................................................................................ 12
6. Test provisions .............................................................................................................. 33
7. Conformity of production ............................................................................................. 34
8. Penalties for non-conformity of production .................................................................. 35
9. Modification and extension of approval of the vehicle type ......................................... 35
10. Production definitively discontinued ............................................................................ 35
11. Names and addresses of technical series responsible for conducting approval tests
and of Type Approval Authorities ................................................................................ 36
12. Transitional provisions .................................................................................................. 36
Annex 1 .................................................................................................................................... 38
Annex 2 .................................................................................................................................... 42
Annex 3 .................................................................................................................................... 43
Annex 4 .................................................................................................................................... 45
Annex 5 .................................................................................................................................... 47
Annex 6 .................................................................................................................................... 48
Annex 6 - Appendix 1 .............................................................................................................. 55
Annex 7 .................................................................................................................................... 57
Annex 8 .................................................................................................................................... 60
UN R. 079 - Supplement 4 to the 03 series
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Introduction
The intention of the Regulation is to establish uniform provisions for the layout and
performance of steering systems fitted to vehicles used on the road. Traditionally the major
requirement has been that the main steering system contains a positive mechanical link
between the steering control, normally the steering wheel, and the road wheels in order to
determine the path of the vehicle. The mechanical link, if amply dimensioned, has been
regarded as not being liable to failure.
Advancing technology, coupled with the wish to improve occupant safety by elimination
of the mechanical steering column, and the production advantages associated with easier
transfer of the steering control between left and right hand drive vehicles, has led to a review
of the traditional approach and the Regulation is now amended to take account of the new
technologies. Accordingly it will now be possible to have steering systems in which there
is not any positive mechanical connection between the steering control and the road wheels.
Systems whereby the driver remains in primary control of the vehicle but may be helped
by the steering system being influenced by signals initiated on-board the vehicle are defined
as "Advanced Driver Assistance Steering Systems". Such systems can incorporate an
"Automatically Commanded Steering Function", for example, using passive infrastructure
features to assist the driver in keeping the vehicle on an ideal path (Lane Guidance, Lane
Keeping or Heading Control), to assist the driver in manoeuvring the vehicle at low speed
in confined spaces or to assist the driver in coming to rest at a pre-defined point (Bus Stop
Guidance). Advanced Driver Assistance Steering Systems can also incorporate a
"Corrective Steering Function" that, for example, warns the driver of any deviation from
the chosen lane (Lane Departure Warning), corrects the steering angle to prevent departure
from the chosen lane (Lane Departure Avoidance) or corrects the steering angle of one or
more wheels to improve the vehicle's dynamic behaviour or stability.
In the case of any Advanced Driver Assistance Steering System, the driver can, at all
times, choose to override the assistance function by deliberate action, for example, to avoid
an unforeseen object in the road.
It is anticipated that future technology will also allow steering to be influenced or
controlled by sensors and signals generated either on or off- board the vehicle. This has led
to several concerns regarding responsibility for the primary control of the vehicle and the
absence of any internationally agreed data transmission protocols with respect to off-board
or external control of steering. Therefore, the Regulation does not permit the general
approval of systems that incorporate functions by which the steering can be controlled by
external signals, for example, transmitted from roadside beacons or active features
embedded into the road surface. Such systems, which do not require the presence of a
driver, have been defined as "Autonomous Steering Systems".
This Regulation also prevents the approval of positive steering of trailers by means of
electrical control from the towing vehicle as there are currently no standards applicable to
this application. It is expected that at some time in the future, ISO 11992 will be amended
to include messages associated with the transmission of steering control.
UN R. 079 - Supplement 4 to the 03 series
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1. Scope
1.1.
This Regulation applies to the steering equipment of vehicles of categories M,
N and O.
1
1.2.
This Regulation does not apply to:
1.2.1.
Steering equipment with a purely pneumatic transmission;
1.2.2.
Autonomous Steering Systems as defined in paragraph 2.3.3.;
1.2.3.
Steering systems exhibiting the functionality defined as ACSF of Category B2,
D or E in paragraphs 2.3.4.1.3., 2.3.4.1.5., or 2.3.4.1.6., respectively, until
specific provisions are introduced in this Regulation.
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation:
2.1.
"Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to its
steering equipment.
2.2.
"Vehicle type" means a vehicle which does not differ with respect to the
manufacturer's designation of the vehicle type and in essential characteristics
such as:
2.2.1.
Type of steering equipment, steering control, steering transmission, steered
wheels, and energy source.
2.3.
"Steering equipment" means all the equipment the purpose of which is to
determine the direction of movement of the vehicle.
The steering equipment consists of:
-
The steering control,
-
The steering transmission,
-
The steered wheels,
-
The energy supply, if any.
2.3.1.
"Steering control" means the part of the steering equipment which controls its
operation; it may be operated with or without direct intervention of the driver.
For steering equipment in which the steering forces are provided solely or
partly by the muscular effort of the driver the steering control includes all parts
up to the point where the steering effort is transformed by mechanical,
hydraulic or electrical means;
2.3.2.
"Steering transmission" means all components which form a functional link
between the steering control and the road wheels.
The transmission is divided into two independent functions:
The control transmission and the energy transmission.
1
As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.6, para. 2 -
www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html
UN R. 079 - Supplement 4 to the 03 series
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Where the term "transmission" is used alone in this Regulation, it means both
the control transmission and the energy transmission. A distinction is drawn
between mechanical, electrical and hydraulic transmission systems or
combinations thereof, according to the means by which the signals and/or
energy is transmitted.
2.3.2.1.
"Control transmission" means all components by means of which signals are
transmitted for control of the steering equipment.
2.3.2.2.
"Energy transmission" means all components by means of which the energy
required for control/regulation of the steering function of the wheels is
transmitted.
2.3.3.
"Autonomous Steering System" means a system that incorporates a function
within a complex electronic control system that causes the vehicle to follow a
defined path or to alter its path in response to signals initiated and transmitted
from off-board the vehicle. The driver will not necessarily be in primary
control of the vehicle.
2.3.4.
"Advanced Driver Assistance Steering System" means a system, additional to
the main steering system, that provides assistance to the driver in steering the
vehicle but in which the driver remains at all times in primary control of the
vehicle. It comprises one or both of the following functions:
2.3.4.1.
"Automatically commanded steering function (ACSF)" means a function within
an electronic control system where actuation of the steering system can result
from automatic evaluation of signals initiated on-board the vehicle, possibly in
conjunction with passive infrastructure features, to generate control action in
order to assist the driver.
2.3.4.1.1.
"ACSF of Category A" means a function that operates at a speed no greater
than 10 km/h to assist the driver, on demand, in low speed or parking
manoeuvring.
2.3.4.1.2.
"ACSF of Category B1" means a function which assists the driver in keeping
the vehicle within the chosen lane, by influencing the lateral movement of the
vehicle.
2.3.4.1.3.
"ACSF of Category B2" means a function which is initiated/activated by the
driver and which keeps the vehicle within its lane by influencing the lateral
movement of the vehicle for extended periods without further driver
command/confirmation
2.3.4.1.4.
"ACSF of Category C" means, a function which is initiated/activated by the
driver and which can perform a single lateral manoeuvre (e.g. lane change)
when commanded by the driver.
2.3.4.1.5.
"ACSF of Category D" means a function which is initiated/activated by the
driver and which can indicate the possibility of a single lateral manoeuvre (e.g.
lane change) but performs that function only following a confirmation by the
driver.
2.3.4.1.6.
"ACSF of Category E" means a function which is initiated/activated by the
driver and which can continuously determine the possibility of a manoeuvre
(e.g. lane change) and complete these manoeuvres for extended periods
without further driver command/confirmation.
UN R. 079 - Supplement 4 to the 03 series
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