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[MS-SHLLINK] — v20110504

Shell Link (.LNK) Binary File Format

Release: Wednesday, May 4, 2011

[MS-SHLLINK]:

Shell Link (.LNK) Binary File Format

Intellectual Property Rights Notice for Open Specifications Documentation

 Technical Documentation. Microsoft publishes Open Specifications documentation for

protocols, file formats, languages, standards as well as overviews of the interaction among each

of these technologies.

 Copyrights. This documentation is covered by Microsoft copyrights. Regardless of any other

terms that are contained in the terms of use for the Microsoft website that hosts this

documentation, you may make copies of it in order to develop implementations of the

technologies described in the Open Specifications and may distribute portions of it in your

implementations using these technologies or your documentation as necessary to properly

document the implementation. You may also distribute in your implementation, with or without

modification, any schema, IDL’s, or code samples that are included in the documentation. This

permission also applies to any documents that are referenced in the Open Specifications.

 No Trade Secrets. Microsoft does not claim any trade secret rights in this documentation.

 Patents. Microsoft has patents that may cover your implementations of the technologies

described in the Open Specifications. Neither this notice nor Microsoft's delivery of the

documentation grants any licenses under those or any other Microsoft patents. However, a given

Open Specification may be covered by Microsoft's Open Specification Promise (available here:

http://www.microsoft.com/interop/osp) or the Community Promise (available here:

http://www.microsoft.com/interop/cp/default.mspx). If you would prefer a written license, or if

the technologies described in the Open Specifications are not covered by the Open Specifications

Promise or Community Promise, as applicable, patent licenses are available by contacting

iplg@microsoft.com.

 Trademarks. The names of companies and products contained in this documentation may be

covered by trademarks or similar intellectual property rights. This notice does not grant any

licenses under those rights.

 Fictitious Names. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail

addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted in this documentation are fictitious. No

association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo,

person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.

Reservation of Rights. All other rights are reserved, and this notice does not grant any rights

other than specifically described above, whether by implication, estoppel, or otherwise.

Tools. The Open Specifications do not require the use of Microsoft programming tools or

programming environments in order for you to develop an implementation. If you have access to

Microsoft programming tools and environments you are free to take advantage of them. Certain

Open Specifications are intended for use in conjunction with publicly available standard

specifications and network programming art, and assumes that the reader either is familiar with the

aforementioned material or has immediate access to it.

3 / 48

[MS-SHLLINK] — v20110504

Shell Link (.LNK) Binary File Format

Release: Wednesday, May 4, 2011

Contents

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4

1.1 Glossary ............................................................................................................... 4

1.2 References ............................................................................................................ 5

1.2.1 Normative References ....................................................................................... 5

1.2.2 Informative References ..................................................................................... 6

1.3 Overview .............................................................................................................. 6

1.4 Relationship to Protocols and Other Structures .......................................................... 6

1.5 Applicability Statement ........................................................................................... 7

1.6 Versioning and Localization ..................................................................................... 7

1.7 Vendor-Extensible Fields ......................................................................................... 7

2 Structures ................................................................................................................ 8

2.1 ShellLinkHeader..................................................................................................... 8

2.1.1 LinkFlags ....................................................................................................... 10

2.1.2 FileAttributesFlags .......................................................................................... 12

2.1.3 HotKeyFlags .................................................................................................. 13

2.2 LinkTargetIDList .................................................................................................. 16

2.2.1 IDList ........................................................................................................... 16

2.2.2 ItemID .......................................................................................................... 17

2.3 LinkInfo .............................................................................................................. 17

2.3.1 VolumeID ...................................................................................................... 20

2.3.2 CommonNetworkRelativeLink ........................................................................... 21

2.4 StringData .......................................................................................................... 25

2.5 ExtraData ........................................................................................................... 26

2.5.1 ConsoleDataBlock ........................................................................................... 27

2.5.2 ConsoleFEDataBlock ....................................................................................... 32

2.5.3 DarwinDataBlock ............................................................................................ 32

2.5.4 EnvironmentVariableDataBlock ........................................................................ 33

2.5.5 IconEnvironmentDataBlock .............................................................................. 35

2.5.6 KnownFolderDataBlock .................................................................................... 36

2.5.7 PropertyStoreDataBlock .................................................................................. 37

2.5.8 ShimDataBlock .............................................................................................. 37

2.5.9 SpecialFolderDataBlock ................................................................................... 38

2.5.10 TrackerDataBlock ......................................................................................... 38

2.5.11 VistaAndAboveIDListDataBlock ....................................................................... 40

3 Structure Examples ................................................................................................ 41

3.1 Shortcut to a File ................................................................................................. 41

4 Security .................................................................................................................. 45

5 Appendix A: Product Behavior ................................................................................ 46

6 Change Tracking..................................................................................................... 47

7 Index ..................................................................................................................... 48

4 / 48

[MS-SHLLINK] — v20110504

Shell Link (.LNK) Binary File Format

Release: Wednesday, May 4, 2011

1 Introduction

This is a specification of the Shell Link Binary File Format. In this format a structure is called a shell

link, or shortcut, and is a data object that contains information that can be used to access

another data object. The Shell Link Binary File Format is the format of Microsoft Windows® files with

the extension "LNK".

Shell links are commonly used to support application launching and linking scenarios, such as

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE), but they also can be used by applications that need the

ability to store a reference to a target file.

1.1 Glossary

The following terms are defined in [MS-GLOS]:

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) character set

Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)

class identifier (CLSID)

code page

Component Object Model (COM)

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

GUID

little-endian

NetBIOS name

object (3)

Unicode

Universal Naming Convention (UNC)

The following terms are specific to this document:

extra data section: A data structure appended to the basic Shell Link Binary File Format data

that contains additional information about the link target.

folder integer ID: An integer value that identifies a known folder.

folder GUID ID: A GUID value that identifies a known folder. Some folder GUID ID values

correspond to folder integer ID values.

item ID (ItemID): A structure that represents an item in the context of a shell data source.

item ID list (IDList): A data structure that refers to a location. An item ID list is a multi-

segment data structure where each segment's content is defined by a data source that is

responsible for the location in the namespace referred to by the preceding segments.

link: An object that refers to another item.

link target: The item that a link references. In the case of a shell link, the referenced item is

identified by its location in the link target namespace using an item ID list (IDList).

link target namespace: A hierarchical namespace. In Windows, the link target namespace is

the Windows Explorer namespace, as described in [C706].

namespace: An abstract container used to hold a set of unique identifiers.

5 / 48

[MS-SHLLINK] — v20110504

Shell Link (.LNK) Binary File Format

Release: Wednesday, May 4, 2011

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE): A technology for transferring and sharing information

between applications by inserting a file or part of a file into a compound document. The

inserted file can be either linked or embedded. An embedded item is stored as part of the

compound document that contains it; a linked item stores its data in a separate file.

relative path: A path that is implied by the current working directory or is calculated based on a

specified directory. When a user enters a command that refers to a file, and the full path is

not entered, the current working directory becomes the relative path of the referenced file.

resolving a link: The act of finding a specific link target, confirming that it exists, and finding

whether it has moved.

Red-Green-Blue (RGB): A mapping of color components in which red, green, and blue and an

intensity value are combined in various ways to reproduce a range of colors.

shell data source: An object that is responsible for a specific location in the namespace and

for enumerating and binding IDLists to handlers.

shell link: A structure in Shell Link Binary File Format.

shim: A mechanism used to provide custom behavior to applications that do not work on newer

versions of the operating system.

shortcut: A term that is used synonymously with shell link.

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as

described in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or

SHOULD NOT.

1.2 References

1.2.1 Normative References

We conduct frequent surveys of the normative references to assure their continued availability. If

you have any issue with finding a normative reference, please contact dochelp@microsoft.com. We

will assist you in finding the relevant information. Please check the archive site,

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/E4BD6494-06AD-4aed-9823-445E921C9624, as an

additional source.

[MS-DFSNM] Microsoft Corporation, "Distributed File System (DFS): Namespace Management

Protocol Specification", July 2006.

[MS-DTYP] Microsoft Corporation, "Windows Data Types", January 2007.

[MS-LCID] Microsoft Corporation, "Windows Language Code Identifier (LCID) Reference", March

2007.

[MS-PROPSTORE] Microsoft Corporation, "Property Store Binary File Format", July 2010.

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC

2119, March 1997, http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt

[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed., and Overell, P., "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD

68, RFC 5234, January 2008, http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5234.txt

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