IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating
Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards
through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which
brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers
are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the
process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not
independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards.
Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or
other damage, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or
indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document.
The IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expressly
disclaims any express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a
specific purpose, or that the use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE
Standards documents are supplied “AS IS.”
The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure,
purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore,
the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about
through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE
Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is
more than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although
still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine
that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.
In publishing and making this document available, the IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or
other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed
by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document,
should rely upon the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any
given circumstances.
Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate
to specific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will
initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned
interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of
interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are
not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has
previously received formal consideration. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an
individual presenting information on IEEE standards
shall make it clear that his or her views should be
considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation
of the IEEE. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of
membership affiliation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed
change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments.
Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:
Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board
445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141
USA
Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright
Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center,
Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to
photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the
Copyright Clearance Center.
