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# JSONKit JSONKit is dual licensed under either the terms of the BSD License, or alternatively under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0.<br /> Copyright &copy; 2011, John Engelhart. ### A Very High Performance Objective-C JSON Library **UPDATE:** (2011/12/18) The benchmarks below were performed before Apples [`NSJSONSerialization`][NSJSONSerialization] was available (as of Mac OS X 10.7 and iOS 5). The obvious question is: Which is faster, [`NSJSONSerialization`][NSJSONSerialization] or JSONKit? According to [this site](http://www.bonto.ch/blog/2011/12/08/json-libraries-for-ios-comparison-updated/), JSONKit is faster than [`NSJSONSerialization`][NSJSONSerialization]. Some quick "back of the envelope" calculations using the numbers reported, JSONKit appears to be approximately 25% to 40% faster than [`NSJSONSerialization`][NSJSONSerialization], which is pretty significant. Parsing | Serializing :---------:|:-------------: <img src="http://chart.googleapis.com/chart?chf=a,s,000000%7Cb0,lg,0,6589C760,0,6589C7B4,1%7Cbg,lg,90,EFEFEF,0,F8F8F8,1&chxl=0:%7CTouchJSON%7CXML+.plist%7Cjson-framework%7CYAJL-ObjC%7Cgzip+JSONKit%7CBinary+.plist%7CJSONKit%7C2:%7CTime+to+Deserialize+in+%C2%B5sec&chxp=2,40&chxr=0,0,5%7C1,0,3250&chxs=0,676767,11.5,1,lt,676767&chxt=y,x,x&chbh=a,5,4&chs=350x185&cht=bhs&chco=6589C783&chds=0,3250&chd=t:410.517,510.262,539.614,1351.257,1683.346,1747.953,2955.881&chg=-1,0,1,3&chm=N+*s*+%C2%B5s,676767,0,0:5,10.5%7CN+*s*+%C2%B5s,3d3d3d,0,6,10.5,,r:-5:1&chem=y;s=text_outline;d=666,10.5,l,fff,_,Decompress+%2b+Parse+is+just;ds=0;dp=2;py=0;of=58,7%7Cy;s=text_outline;d=666,10.5,l,fff,_,5.6%25+slower+than+Binary+.plist%21;ds=0;dp=2;py=0;of=53,-5" width="350" height="185" alt="Deserialize from JSON" /> | <img src="http://chart.googleapis.com/chart?chf=a,s,000000%7Cb0,lg,0,699E7260,0,699E72B4,1%7Cbg,lg,90,EFEFEF,0,F8F8F8,1&chxl=0:%7CTouchJSON%7CYAJL-ObjC%7CXML+.plist%7Cjson-framework%7CBinary+.plist%7Cgzip+JSONKit%7CJSONKit%7C2:%7CTime+to+Serialize+in+%C2%B5sec&chxp=2,40&chxr=0,0,5%7C1,0,3250&chxs=0,676767,11.5,1,lt,676767&chxt=y,x,x&chbh=a,5,4&chs=350x175&cht=bhs&chco=699E7284&chds=0,3250&chd=t:96.387,466.947,626.153,1028.432,1945.511,2156.978,3051.976&chg=-1,0,1,3&chm=N+*s*+%C2%B5s,676767,0,0:5,10.5%7CN+*s*+%C2%B5s,4d4d4d,0,6,10.5,,r:-5:1&chem=y;s=text_outline;d=666,10.5,l,fff,_,Serialize+%2b+Compress+is+34%25;ds=0;dp=1;py=0;of=51,7%7Cy;s=text_outline;d=666,10.5,l,fff,_,faster+than+Binary+.plist%21;ds=0;dp=1;py=0;of=62,-5" width="350" height="185" alt="Serialize to JSON" /> *23% Faster than Binary* <code><em>.plist</em></code>*&thinsp;!* | *549% Faster than Binary* <code><em>.plist</em></code>*&thinsp;!* * Benchmarking was performed on a MacBook Pro with a 2.66GHz Core 2. * All JSON libraries were compiled with `gcc-4.2 -DNS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS -O3 -arch x86_64`. * Timing results are the average of 1,000 iterations of the user + system time reported by [`getrusage`][getrusage]. * The JSON used was [`twitter_public_timeline.json`](https://github.com/samsoffes/json-benchmarks/blob/master/Resources/twitter_public_timeline.json) from [samsoffes / json-benchmarks](https://github.com/samsoffes/json-benchmarks). * Since the `.plist` format does not support serializing [`NSNull`][NSNull], the `null` values in the original JSON were changed to `"null"`. * The [experimental](https://github.com/johnezang/JSONKit/tree/experimental) branch contains the `gzip` compression changes. * JSONKit automagically links to `libz.dylib` on the fly at run time&ndash; no manual linking required. * Parsing / deserializing will automagically decompress a buffer if it detects a `gzip` signature header. * You can compress / `gzip` the serialized JSON by passing `JKSerializeOptionCompress` to `-JSONDataWithOptions:error:`. [JSON versus PLIST, the Ultimate Showdown](http://www.cocoanetics.com/2011/03/json-versus-plist-the-ultimate-showdown/) benchmarks the common JSON libraries and compares them to Apples `.plist` format. *** JavaScript Object Notation, or [JSON][], is a lightweight, text-based, serialization format for structured data that is used by many web-based services and API's. It is defined by [RFC 4627][]. JSON provides the following primitive types: * `null` * Boolean `true` and `false` * Number * String * Array * Object (a.k.a. Associative Arrays, Key / Value Hash Tables, Maps, Dictionaries, etc.) These primitive types are mapped to the following Objective-C Foundation classes: JSON | Objective-C -------------------|------------- `null` | [`NSNull`][NSNull] `true` and `false` | [`NSNumber`][NSNumber] Number | [`NSNumber`][NSNumber] String | [`NSString`][NSString] Array | [`NSArray`][NSArray] Object | [`NSDictionary`][NSDictionary] JSONKit uses Core Foundation internally, and it is assumed that Core Foundation &equiv; Foundation for every equivalent base type, i.e. [`CFString`][CFString] &equiv; [`NSString`][NSString]. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119][]. ### JSON To Objective-C Primitive Mapping Details * The [JSON specification][RFC 4627] is somewhat ambiguous about the details and requirements when it comes to Unicode, and it does not specify how Unicode issues and errors should be handled. Most of the ambiguity stems from the interpretation and scope [RFC 4627][] Section 3, Encoding: `JSON text SHALL be encoded in Unicode.` It is the authors opinion and interpretation that the language of [RFC 4627][] requires that a JSON implementation MUST follow the requirements specified in the [Unicode Standard][], and in particular the [Conformance][Unicode Standard - Conformance] chapter of the [Unicode Standard][], which specifies requirements related to handling, interpreting, and manipulating Unicode text. The default behavior for JSONKit is strict [RFC 4627][] conformance. It is the authors opinion and interpretation that [RFC 4627][] requires JSON to be encoded in Unicode, and therefore JSON that is not legal Unicode as defined by the [Unicode Standard][] is invalid JSON. Therefore, JSONKit will not accept JSON that contains ill-formed Unicode. The default, strict behavior implies that the `JKParseOptionLooseUnicode` option is not enabled. When the `JKParseOptionLooseUnicode` option is enabled, JSONKit follows the specifications and recommendations given in [The Unicode 6.0 standard, Chapter 3 - Conformance][Unicode Standard - Conformance], section 3.9 *Unicode Encoding Forms*. As a general rule of thumb, the Unicode code point `U+FFFD` is substituted for any ill-formed Unicode encountered. JSONKit attempts to follow the recommended *Best Practice for Using U+FFFD*: ***Replace each maximal subpart of an ill-formed subsequence by a single U+FFFD.*** The following Unicode code points are treated as ill-formed Unicode, and if `JKParseOptionLooseUnicode` is enabled, cause `U+FFFD` to be substituted in their place: `U+0000`.<br> `U+D800` thru `U+DFFF`, inclusive.<br> `U+FDD0` thru `U+FDEF`, inclusive.<br> <code>U+<i>n</i>FFFE</code> and <code>U+<i>n</i>FFFF</code>, where *n* is from `0x0` to `0x10` The code points `U+FDD0` thru `U+FDEF`, <code>U+<i>n</i>FFFE</code>, and <code>U+<i>n</i>FFFF</code> (where *n* is from `0x0` to `0x10`), are defined as ***Noncharacters*** by the Unicode standard and "should never be interchanged". An exception is made for the code point `U+0000`, which is legal Unicode. The reason for this is that this particular code point is used by C string handling code to specify the end of the string, and any such string handling code will incorrectly stop processing a string at the point where `U+0000` occurs. Although reasonable people may have different opinions on this point, it is the authors considered opinio