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Splint Manual

Version 3.1.1-1

5 June 2003

Secure Programming Group

University of Vi

rginia

Department of Computer Science

Splint Manual

Authors

This manual was written by David Evans, except for Section 9 and Appendix B which were

written by David Larochelle and David Evans.

Credits

Splint is developed and maintained by the Secure Programming Group at the University of

Virginia Department of Computer Science. David Evans is the project leader and the primary

developer of Splint. David Larochelle developed the memory bounds checking. University of

Virginia students Chris Barker, David Friedman, Mike Lanouette and Hien Phan all contributed

significantly to the development of Splint.

Splint is the successor to LCLint, a tool originally developed as a joint research project between

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Digital Equipment Corporation’s System

Research Center. David Evans was the primary designed and developer of LCLint. John Guttag

and Jim Horning had the original idea for a static checking tool for detecting inconsistencies

between LCL specifications and their C implementations. They provided valuable advice on its

functionality and design and were instrumental in its development.

Splint incorporates the original LCL checker developed by Yang Meng Tan. This was built on

the DECspec Project (Joe Wild, Gary Feldman, Steve Garland, and Bill McKeeman). The LSL

checker used by LCLint was developed by Steve Garland. The original C grammar for LCLint

was provided by Nate Osgood. This work has also benefited greatly from discussions with Mike

Burrows, Stephen Garland, Colin Godfrey, Steve Harrison, Yanlin Huang, Daniel Jackson, John

Knight, David Larochelle, Angelika Leeb, Ulana Legedza, Gary McGraw, Anya Pogosyants,

Avneesh Saxena, Seejo Sebastine, Navneet Singh, Raymie Stata, Yang Meng Tan, and Mark

Vandevoorde. I especially thank Angelika Leeb for many constructive comments on improving

an early version of this document, Raymie Stata and Mark Vandevoorde for technical assistance,

and Dorothy Curtis, Paco Hope, Scott Ruffner, Christina Jackson, David Ladd, and Jessica

Greer for systems assistance.

Much of Splint’s development has been driven by feedback from users in academia and industry.

Many more people than I can mention here have made contributions by suggesting

improvements, reporting bugs, porting early versions of Splint to other platforms. Particularly

heroic contributions have been made by Nelson Beebe, Eric Bloodworth, Jutta Degener, Rick

Farnbach, Chris Flatters, Huver Hu, Alexander Mai, John Gerard Malecki, Thomas G.

McWilliams, Michael Meskes, Richard O’Keefe, Jens Schweikhardt, Albert L. Ting and Jim

Zelenka. Martin “Herbert” Dietze and Mike Smith performed valiantly in producing the original

Win32 and OS2 ports. Tim Van Holder produced the automake and autoconf distribution.

Splint research at the University of Virginia is currently funded in part by an NSF CAREER

Award and an NSF CCLI Award for using analysis to teach software engineering. Splint has

been previously supported by a grant from NASA and David Larochelle was funded by a

USENIX student research grant.

UVA Secure Programming Group

Contents

1 Operation......................................................................................................................11

1.1 Warnings..................................................................................................................11

1.2 Flags ........................................................................................................................12

1.3 Stylized Comments...................................................................................................12

1.3.1 Annotations .......................................................................................................12

1.3.2 Setting Flags......................................................................................................13

2 Null Dereferences..........................................................................................................14

2.1.1 Predicate Functions............................................................................................14

2.1.2 Notnull Annotations...........................................................................................15

2.1.3 Relaxing Null Checking.....................................................................................15

3 Undefined Values ..........................................................................................................17

3.1.1 Undefined Parameters........................................................................................17

3.1.2 Relaxing Checking.............................................................................................18

3.1.3 Partially Defined Structures ...............................................................................18

4 Types.............................................................................................................................19

4.1 Built in C Types .......................................................................................................19

4.1.1 Characters.........................................................................................................19

4.1.2 Enumerators......................................................................................................19

4.1.3 Numeric Types ..................................................................................................19

4.1.4 Arbitrary Integral Types ....................................................................................19

4.2 Boolean Types..........................................................................................................20

4.3 Abstract Types .........................................................................................................21

4.3.1 Controlling Access.............................................................................................22

4.3.2 Mutability .........................................................................................................23

4.3.3 Semi-Abstract Types .........................................................................................24

4.4 Polymorphism ..........................................................................................................24

5 Memory Management...................................................................................................25

5.1 Storage Model ..........................................................................................................25

5.2 Deallocation Errors...................................................................................................26

5.2.1 Unshared References..........................................................................................26

5.2.2 Temporary Parameters.......................................................................................27

5.2.3 Owned and Dependent References......................................................................27

5.2.4 Keep Parameters................................................................................................28

5.2.5 Shared References .............................................................................................28

5.2.6 Stack References ...............................................................................................28

5.2.7 Inner Storage.....................................................................................................28

5.3 Implicit Memory Annotations....................................................................................29

5.4 Reference Counting ..................................................................................................29

Splint Manual

6 Sharing..........................................................................................................................31

6.1 Aliasing....................................................................................................................31

6.1.1 Unique Parameters.............................................................................................31

6.1.2 Returned Parameters..........................................................................................31

6.2 Exposure..................................................................................................................32

6.2.1 Read-Only Storage ............................................................................................32

6.2.2 Exposed Storage................................................................................................33

7 Function Interfaces........................................................................................................35

7.1 Modifications ...........................................................................................................35

7.1.1 State Modifications............................................................................................36

7.1.2 Missing Modifies Clauses ..................................................................................36

7.2 Global Variables.......................................................................................................37

7.2.1 Controlling Globals Checking ............................................................................37

7.2.2 Definition State..................................................................................................38

7.3 Declaration Consistency............................................................................................38

7.4 State Clauses............................................................................................................39

7.5 Requires and Ensures Clauses...................................................................................41

8 Control Flow.................................................................................................................42

8.1 Execution .................................................................................................................42

8.2 Undefined Behavior ..................................................................................................43

8.3 Problematic Control Structures .................................................................................44

8.3.1 Likely Infinite Loops..........................................................................................44

8.3.2 Switches............................................................................................................45

8.3.3 Deep Breaks ......................................................................................................45

8.3.4 Loop and If Bodies ............................................................................................46

8.3.5 Complete Logic .................................................................................................46

8.4 Suspicious Statements ..............................................................................................46

8.4.1 Statements with No Effects................................................................................46

8.4.2 Ignored Return Values .......................................................................................47

9 Buffer Sizes ...................................................................................................................48

9.1 Checking Accesses....................................................................................................48

9.2 Annotating Buffer Sizes............................................................................................48

9.3 Less Stringent Checking............................................................................................49

9.4 Warnings..................................................................................................................50

10 Extensible Checking ...................................................................................................52

10.1 Defining Attributes................................................................................................52

10.2 Annotations...........................................................................................................54

11 Macros........................................................................................................................55

UVA Secure Programming Group

11.1 Constant Macros...................................................................................................55

11.2 Function-like Macros ............................................................................................55

11.2.1 Side Effect Free Parameters............................................................................56

11.3 Controlling Macro Checking..................................................................................57

11.4 Iterators................................................................................................................58

11.4.1 Defining Iterators...........................................................................................58

11.4.2 Using Iterators ...............................................................................................59

12 Naming Conventions ..................................................................................................60

12.1 Type-Based Naming Conventions..........................................................................60

12.1.1 Czech Names .................................................................................................60

12.1.2 Slovak Names ................................................................................................61

12.1.3 Czechoslovak Names......................................................................................61

12.2 Namespace Prefixes ..............................................................................................61

12.3 Naming Restrictions..............................................................................................63

12.3.1 Reserved Names.............................................................................................63

12.3.2 Distinct Names...............................................................................................63

13 Completeness..............................................................................................................65

13.1 Unused Declarations..............................................................................................65

13.2 Complete Programs...............................................................................................65

13.2.1 Unnecessarily External Names........................................................................65

13.2.2 Declarations Missing from Headers ................................................................65

14 Libraries and Header File Inclusion...........................................................................66

14.1 Standard Libraries.................................................................................................66

14.1.1 ISO Standard Library.....................................................................................66

14.1.2 POSIX Library ..............................................................................................66

14.1.3 UNIX Library................................................................................................66

14.1.4 Strict Libraries...............................................................................................66

14.2 Generating Libraries..............................................................................................67

14.2.1 Generating the Standard Libraries...................................................................67

14.3 Header File Inclusion.............................................................................................67

14.3.1 Preprocessing Constants.................................................................................68

Appendix A Availability ...................................................................................................69

Appendix B Flags .............................................................................................................70

Key ....................................................................................................................................70

Flag Name Abbreviations................................................................................................70

Global Flags.......................................................................................................................71

Help ...............................................................................................................................71

Initialization ...................................................................................................................71

Pre-processor..................................................................................................................72

剩余120页未读，继续阅读

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lidisha

2012-08-14

不错的手册，如果能翻译成中文就更好了
h492899250

2011-11-11

Splint的用户手册，可以从中了解很多Splint基础的功能，可惜是英文的，看起来有点吃力

yangxs99

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