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IEEE 1471 软件架构标准
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软件架构的标准定义,系统、架构、架构描述、环境、干系人、关注点、视点、视图,这些是什么关系?
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The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
Copyright © 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 9 October 2000. Printed in the United States of America.
Print:
ISBN 0-7381-2518-0 SH94869
PDF:
ISBN 0-7381-2519-9 SS94869
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
IEEE Std 1471-2000
IEEE Recommended Practice for
Architectural Description of
Software-Intensive Systems
Sponsor
Software Engineering Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
Approved 21 September 2000
IEEE-SA Standards Board
Abstract:
This recommended practice addresses the activities of the creation, analysis, and sus-
tainment of architectures of software-intensive systems, and the recording of such architectures in
terms of
architectural descriptions
. A conceptual framework for architectural description is estab-
lished. The content of an architectural description is defined. Annexes provide the rationale for key
concepts and terminology, the relationships to other standards, and examples of usage.
Keywords:
architectural description, architecture, software-intensive system, stakeholder con-
cerns, system stakeholder, view, viewpoint
IEEE Standards
documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Com-
mittees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve
voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards
developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as
well as those activities outside of IEEE that have expressed an interest in participating in the development of
the standard.
Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there
are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to
the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and
issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments
received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for
revision or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is rea-
sonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of
the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.
Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership
affiliation with IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of
text, together with appropriate supporting comments.
Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they
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Institute will initiate action to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of
all concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a
balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating
Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except in those cases where
the matter has previously received formal consideration.
Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:
Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board
445 Hoes Lane
P.O. Box 1331
Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331
USA
IEEE is the sole entity that may authorize the use of certification marks, trademarks, or other designations to
indicate compliance with the materials set forth herein.
Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright
Clearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Cus-
tomer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy
portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copy-
right Clearance Center.
Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may
require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard,
no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in
connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for
which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into
the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.
Copyright © 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved.
iii
Introduction
(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1471-2000,
IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of
Software-Intensive Systems
.)
It has long been recognized that “architecture” has a strong influence over the life cycle of a system. In the
past, hardware-related architectural aspects were dominant, whereas software-related architectural integrity,
when it existed, often was to be sacrificed first in the course of system development. Today, software-
intensive systems are pervasive. The cost of software development and the increasing complexity of software
systems have changed the relative balance. Software technology is maturing rapidly. The practice of system
development can benefit greatly from adherence to architectural precepts.
However, the concepts of architecture have not been consistently defined and applied within the life cycle of
software-intensive systems. Despite significant industrial and research activity in this area, there is no single,
accepted framework for codifying architectural thinking, thereby facilitating the common application and
evolution of available and emerging architectural practices.
The IEEE Architecture Planning Group (APG) was formed in August 1995 to address this need. The APG
was chartered by the IEEE Software Engineering Standards Committee (SESC) to set a direction for incor-
porating architectural thinking into IEEE standards. The result of the APG’s deliberations was to recommend
an IEEE activity with the following goals:
— To define useful terms, principles and guidelines for the consistent application of architectural pre-
cepts to systems throughout their life cycle
— To elaborate architectural precepts and their anticipated benefits for software products, systems, and
aggregated systems (i.e., “systems of systems”)
— To provide a framework for the colilection and consideration of architectural attributes and related
information for use in IEEE standards
— To provide a useful road map for the incorporation of architectural precepts in the generation, revi-
sion, and application of IEEE standards
In April 1996 SESC created the Architecture Working Group (AWG) to implement those recommendations.
iv
Copyright © 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved.
Participants
At the time this recommended practice was completed, the Architecture Working Group had the following
membership.
Basil Sherlund,
Chair
Ronald L. Wade,
Vice Chair
David Emery,
Vice Chair for Liaison
Rich Hilliard,
Secretary and Editor
The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard:
Frank C. Belz
S. Jeromy Carriere
Mark Dehlin
Verlynda Dobbs
Nancy Eickelmann
Walter J. Ellis
William Gess
Vladan V. Jovanovic
Judith S. Kerner
Dwayne L. Knirk
Ron Kohl
Alexei E. Kotov
Philippe Kruchten
Simon Liu
Mark W. Maier
Bill McMullen
Fatima Mili
Glenn Plonk
Peter T. Poon
Dave Rayford
Ann Reedy
Ira Sachs
Thomas F. Saunders
M. Wayne Shiveley
Louise Tamres
Edward A. Addy
Mario R. Barbacci
Edward E. Bartlett
Leo Beltracchi
Frank C. Belz
Richard E. Biehl
Edward R. Byrne
Lawrence Catchpole
Leslie Chambers
Keith Chow
Antonio M. Cicu
Sylvain Clermont
Rosemary Coleman
Darrell Cooksey
Paul R. Croll
Gregory T. Daich
Bostjan K. Derganc
Perry R. DeWeese
Verlynda Dobbs
Franz D. Engelmann
William Eventoff
Jonathan H. Fairclough
John W. Fendrich
John H. Fowler
Eva Freund
Andrew Gabb
Juan Garbajosa-Sopena
Hiranmay Ghosh
Marilyn Ginsberg-Finner
Julio Gonzalez-Sanz
Lewis Gray
L. M. Gunther
John Harauz
Herbert Hecht
Mark Henley
John W. Horch
George Jackelen
Frank V. Jorgensen
Vladan V. Jovanovic
William S. Junk
Judith S. Kerner
Thomas M. Kurihara
Helmut Kurzdorfer
Kyoung-In Kwon
J. Dennis Lawrence
Thomas B. Lindahl
Jim J. Logan
Henry A. Malec
Tomoo Matsubara
Ian R. McChesney
James W. Moore
Frederick I. Moxley
Francisco Navas Plano
Pavol Navrat
Gerald L. Ourada
Alex Polack
R. Razouk
Annette D. Reilly
Helmut Sandmayr
Frederico Sousa Santos
Robert J. Schaaf
Carl A. Singer
Richard S. Sky
Mitchell W. Smith
Fred J. Strauss
Sandra Swearingen
Toru Takeshita
Richard H. Thayer
Booker Thomas
Leonard L. Tripp
Theodore J. Urbanowicz
Tom Vaiskunas
Ronald L. Wade
Randall K. Walters
Larry L. Wear
Charles J. Wertz
Scott A. Whitmire
Paul R. Work
Natalie C. Yopconka
Geraldine Zimmerman
Copyright © 2000 IEEE. All rights reserved.
v
When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 21 September 2000, it had the following
membership:
Donald N. Heirman,
Chair
James T. Carlo,
Vice Chair
Judith Gorman,
Secretary
*Member Emeritus
Also included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:
Alan Cookson,
NIST Representative
Donald R. Volzka,
TAB Representative
Noelle D. Humenick
IEEE Standards Project Editor
Satish K. Aggarwal
Mark D. Bowman
Gary R. Engmann
Harold E. Epstein
H. Landis Floyd
Jay Forster*
Howard M. Frazier
Ruben D. Garzon
James H. Gurney
Richard J. Holleman
Lowell G. Johnson
Robert J. Kennelly
Joseph L. Koepfinger*
Peter H. Lips
L. Bruce McClung
Daleep C. Mohla
James W. Moore
Robert F. Munzner
Ronald C. Petersen
Gerald H. Peterson
John B. Posey
Gary S. Robinson
Akio Tojo
Donald W. Zipse
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