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论文研究 - 基于儿童心理需求的城市社区公共空间设计研究-以成都榆林东路为例
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从儿童心理学理论来看,空间环境与心理发展之间有着密切的联系。 社区公共空间是儿童课后的微环境,是塑造认知能力,人格和社交过程的重要场所。 在此背景下,以成都市武侯区榆林东路社区为研究对象,在以榆林东路为中心的一公里辐射半径内,对街道空间,广场空间现状进行了调查。和庭院空间,发现当前空间中的娱乐设施不足,加上交通布局不合理,无法满足儿童的各种需求。 最后,根据空间的不同尺度提出了规划建议。 儿童是城市发展中的主要问题。 将儿童发展心理学引入城市开放空间的设计中,迫切需要重塑城市开放空间的活力和恢复儿童权利。
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Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2019, 7, 444-457
http://www.scirp.org/journal/jss
ISSN Online: 2327-5960
ISSN Print: 2327-5952
DOI:
10.4236/jss.2019.78032 Aug. 30, 2019 444 Open Journal of Social Sciences
Research on Urban Community Public Space
Design Based on Children’s Psychological
Needs—A Case Study and Survey of Chengdu
Yulin East Road
Chaoyi You
School of Urban Planning and Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
Abstract
Viewing from the theory of child psychology, there is close connection be-
tween space environment and psychological development. Community public
space, as children’s after-school micro-environment, is an important place for
the shaping of cognitive ability
, personality and social process. Based on this
background, taking the communities of Yulin East Road in Wuhou District of
Chengdu as the research object, within the radius of one kilometer radiation
centered on Yulin East Road, this paper conducted a surv
ey on the current
situation of street space, square space and courtyard space and found that
there is inadequate recreational facilities in current spaces, together with the
unreasonable traffic layout, which cannot meet the various needs of children.
In t
he end, the planning suggestions are proposed based on the different
scales of spaces. Children are the major concerns in the urban development.
The introduction of child developmental psychology into the design of urban
open spaces, it should become an urgent need for the reshaping of the vitality
of urban open spaces and the recovery of children’s rights.
Keywords
Community Public Space, Street, Square, Courtyard, Child Psychology
1. Introduction
The present large-scale urbanization process leads to the shortage of land re-
sources, the excessive concentration of population in cities, and the insufficient
public space area per person, so it is difficult to build a “human-oriented”
How to cite this paper:
You, C.Y. (2019
)
Research on Urban Community Public
Space Design Based on Children
’s Psycho-
logical Needs
—
A Case Study and Survey of
Chengdu Yulin East Road
.
Open
Journal of
Social Sciences
,
7
, 444-457.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2019.78032
Received:
June 24, 2019
Accepted:
August 27, 2019
Published:
August 30, 2019
Copyright © 201
9 by author(s) and
Scientific
Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY
4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access
C. Y. You
DOI:
10.4236/jss.2019.78032 445 Open Journal of Social Sciences
friendly city. As a milestone of transition from increment to inventory, urban
planning in the new era pays more attention to the guiding role of social public
policy, it requires that the interests of vulnerable groups in society should be ac-
tively safeguarded. In 1996, the concept of “child-friendly cities” was first put
forward at the Second UN Conference on Human Settlements. It suggested that
the basic needs of children should be incorporated into the planning of districts
or cities to fulfill children’s needs and rights on environment, society and psy-
chology, to provide a beneficial social and spatial environment for children, so as
to help them develop their own creativity and achieve the healthy development
of individuality [1]. Children are an important component of the city and the
public open spaces are the main places for children to play and make friends,
while the current urban public space cannot meet such a need for children [2].
As a new planning unit, “community” belongs to the basis of urban infrastruc-
ture planning and guides the design of public space at different scales. Based on
the psychological needs of children, this paper investigates the public space of
Yulin East Road Community in Chengdu, and makes some reform and design
according to this conclusion, further more gives some suggestions in the pers-
pective of planning.
2. Survey of Study
2.1. Study Scope
The survey area of this study is located in the Yulin Road area of Wuhou District
in Chengdu. The specific scope of this study is limited within one kilometer rad-
iation circle centered on the typical Yulin East Road (as shown in
Figure 1). The
field research is conducted for the community public open space within the
scope.
2.2. Research Methods and Technical Route
Field research and individual interviews were used in this study to make an in-
vestigation on the current situation of public open space in Yulin East Road
Figure 1. Sketch map of study scope (Image source: drawn by author).
C. Y. You
DOI:
10.4236/jss.2019.78032 446 Open Journal of Social Sciences
Community. Based on the three spatial scales of streets, squares and courtyards,
this paper investigates the usage and the existing problems of the public space in
Yulin East Road Community, and puts forward the reform and design strategies
for the open space of Yulin East Road community according to the psychological
needs of children.
The research route what we adopted is: the triad planning strategy of “point,
line and plane”, that is, children are taken as the center, block-square-courtyard
strung, taking Yulin East Road Community as radiation plane (as shown in
Fig-
ure 2).
3. Psychological Needs of Children in Different Age Stages
3.1. Psychological and Behavior Characteristics of Children in
Different Age Stages
Child developmental psychology clarifies the important influence of environ-
ment on children’s psychological development, while environmental psychology
expounds that behavior is the medium connecting space environment and user
psychology, and the environment-behavior phenomenon is closely related to
architectural design [3]. As a micro-environment, the most direct living space
outside of campus for children, community outdoor public space is closely re-
lated to the development of child mental health. From birth to school age to
childhood, with the enhancement of children’s social cognitive ability, conti-
nuous development of personality, and their self-control, their needs for peer
relationship are improved. The precondition of environmental renovation is the
analysis of psychological needs. The following table shows the psychological and
behavior characteristics of children in different age stages. (
Table 1)
Figure 2. Sketch of research strategy (Image source: drawn by author).
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