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Express - node web framework

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express 的官方文档 Getting started With node installed (download), get your first application started by creating a directory somewhere on your machine: $ mkdir hello-world In this same directory you'll be defining the application "package", which are no different than any other node package. You'll need a package.json file in the directory, with express defined as a dependency. You may use npm info express version to fetch the latest version, it's preferred that you do this instead of "3.x" below to prevent any future surprises. { "name": "hello-world", "description": "hello world test app", "version": "0.0.1", "private": true, "dependencies": { "express": "3.x" } }

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12-2-16 下午5:51Express - node web framework

第 1 页（共 45 页）http://expressjs.com/guide.html#creating-a%20server

Home Guide Screencasts Applications

High performance, high class web development for Node.js

Installation

$ npm install express

or to access the express(1) executable install globally:

$ npm install -g express

Quick Start

The quickest way to get started with express is to utilize the executable express(1) to

generate an application as shown below:

Create the app:

$ npm install -g express

$ express /tmp/foo && cd /tmp/foo

Install dependencies:

12-2-16 下午5:51Express - node web framework

第 2 页（共 45 页）http://expressjs.com/guide.html#creating-a%20server

$ npm install -d

Start the server:

$ node app.js

Creating A Server

To create an instance of the express.HTTPServer, simply invoke the createServer()

method. With our instance app we can then define routes based on the HTTP verbs, in

this example app.get().

var app = require('express').createServer();

app.get('/', function(req, res){

res.send('hello world');

});

app.listen(3000);

Creating An HTTPS Server

To initialize a express.HTTPSServer we do the same as above, however we pass an

options object, accepting key, cert and the others mentioned in node’s https

documentation.

var app = require('express').createServer({ key: ... });

Configuration

12-2-16 下午5:51Express - node web framework

第 3 页（共 45 页）http://expressjs.com/guide.html#creating-a%20server

Express supports arbitrary environments, such as production and development.

Developers can use the configure() method to setup needs required by the current

environment. When configure() is called without an environment name it will be run in

every environment prior to the environment specific callback.

In the example below we only dumpExceptions, and respond with exception stack

traces in development mode, however for both environments we utilize methodOverride

and bodyParser. Note the use of app.router, which can (optionally) be used to mount

the application routes, otherwise the first call to app.get(), app.post(), etc will mount the

routes.

app.configure(function(){

app.use(express.methodOverride());

app.use(express.bodyParser());

app.use(app.router);

});

app.configure('development', function(){

app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));

app.use(express.errorHandler({ dumpExceptions: true, showStack: true }));

});

app.configure('production', function(){

var oneYear = 31557600000;

app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public', { maxAge: oneYear }));

app.use(express.errorHandler());

});

For similar environments you may also pass several env strings:

app.configure('stage', 'prod', function(){

// config

});

For internal and arbitrary settings Express provides the set(key[, val]), enable(key),

disable(key) methods:

app.configure(function(){

12-2-16 下午5:51Express - node web framework

第 4 页（共 45 页）http://expressjs.com/guide.html#creating-a%20server

app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');

app.set('views');

// => "/absolute/path/to/views"

app.enable('some feature');

// same as app.set('some feature', true);

app.disable('some feature');

// same as app.set('some feature', false);

app.enabled('some feature')

// => false

});

To alter the environment we can set the NODE_ENV environment variable, for example:

$ NODE_ENV=production node app.js

This is very important, as many caching mechanisms are only enabled when in

production.

Settings

Express supports the following settings out of the box:

basepath Application base path used for res.redirect() and transparently handling

mounted apps.

views Root views directory defaulting to CWD/views

view engine Default view engine name for views rendered without extensions

view options An object specifying global view options

view cache Enable view caching (enabled in production)

case sensitive routes Enable case-sensitive routing

strict routing When enabled trailing slashes are no longer ignored

jsonp callback Enable res.send() / res.json() transparent jsonp support

Routing

12-2-16 下午5:51Express - node web framework

第 5 页（共 45 页）http://expressjs.com/guide.html#creating-a%20server

Express utilizes the HTTP verbs to provide a meaningful, expressive routing API. For

example we may want to render a user’s account for the path /user/12, this can be

done by defining the route below. The values associated to the named placeholders are

available as req.params.

app.get('/user/:id', function(req, res){

res.send('user ' + req.params.id);

});

A route is simple a string which is compiled to a RegExp internally. For example when

/user/:id is compiled, a simplified version of the regexp may look similar to:

\/user\/([^\/]+)\/?

Regular expression literals may also be passed for complex uses. Since capture groups

with literal RegExp’s are anonymous we can access them directly req.params. So our

first capture group would be req.params[0] and the second would follow as

req.params[1].

app.get(/^\/users?(?:\/(\d+)(?:\.\.(\d+))?)?/, function(req, res){

res.send(req.params);

});

Curl requests against the previously defined route:

$ curl http://dev:3000/user

[null,null]

$ curl http://dev:3000/users

[null,null]

$ curl http://dev:3000/users/1

["1",null]

$ curl http://dev:3000/users/1..15

["1","15"]

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