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Introduction to Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB
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Introduction to Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB with Application to Digital Communications by Thyagarajan, K.S.
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K.S. Thyagarajan
Introduction to Digital Signal
Processing Using MATLAB
with Application to Digital
Communications
K.S. Thyagarajan
Extension Program
University of California, San Diego
San Diego, CA, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-76028-5 ISBN 978-3-319-76029-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76029-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018935280
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or
the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of
Springer Nature.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The field of digital signal processing is well matured and has found applications in
most commercial as well as household items. It started in the 1960s when computers
were used only in the academic institutions. Moreover, these computers were built
around vacuum tubes with limited memory and slow processing power. This situa-
tion was not conducive to rapid advancements in digital signal processing theory. As
the computer technology advanced due to the invention of microprocessors and
semiconductor memories, the field of digital signal processing also simultaneously
progressed. Today, digital signal processing is used in a myriad of fields such as
communications, medicine, forensics, imaging, and music, to name a few. It is,
therefore, necessary for an aspirant to learn the basics of digital signal processing so
as to be able to apply his or her knowledge in this field to career advancement.
There are many excellent text books on digital signal processing in the market.
This book, though, is meant to serve working professionals who are looking for
online courses to complete certificate programs in areas such as electrical engineer-
ing, systems engineering, communications, and embedded systems. Since these
professional engineers are time-constrained, it is important that the textbook they
are supposed to follow should be easy to understand, brief, and up to the point, and
should contain the necessary supplements as aids to understanding the materials.
With these factors in mind, this book is based on my online course in digital signal
processing at the University of California Extension Program, San Diego. This book
uses MATLAB tools to make understanding of the materials easier. In my experi-
ence in teaching this online course, I found that students come from different fields,
but mostly from digital communications – hardware and software. Therefore, I find it
appropriate to include applications of digital signal processing in digital
communications. The students are required to have a college-level math background
to fully understand the topics discussed in this book.
After a brief introduction to areas such as audio/speech processing, digital
communications, and digital image processing, Chap. 2 starts with the discussion
v
on discrete-time signals and systems. It characterizes the various discrete-time
signals and systems in mathematical terms followed by examples to clarify the
subject matter. Chapter 2 also describes the process of converting continuous-time
signals to discrete-time sequences. The Z-transform is introduced in Chap. 3. Since
Z-transform is very useful in both analysis and design of discrete-time systems, its
properties are elaborated with several examples. Next the representation of discrete-
time signals and systems in the frequency domain is discussed in Chap. 4. Here, the
connection between the Z-transform and discrete-time Fourier transform is
explained. Several examples are worked out to make the subject matter clearer.
Since digital signal processing implies computational methods, Chapt. 5 introduces
the concept of discrete Fourier transform. It also deals with the relationship between
discrete-time Fourier transform and discrete Fourier transform. Again, MATLAB-
based examples are included.
Once the signals and systems are described in the time and frequency domains,
Chap. 6 then deals with the design of infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filters. It
treats the design of IIR digital filters based on analytical methods as well as on
computer-based techniques. In addition, real-life systems are simulated using
MATLAB/Simulink tool. Continuing further, Chap. 7 discusses the design of finite
impulse response (FIR) digital filters using both the analytical and computer-based
methods. Many examples are included to aid the students in understanding the
material better. It is not enough just to learn the design of IIR and FIR digital filters.
A professional engineer must know how to implement these filters in various real-
time applications. Therefore, Chap. 8 is included, whi ch deals with the signal flow
graphs of digital filters. It describes both canoni cal and noncanonical structures to
implement IIR and FIR digital filters. Knowing how to draw the signal flow graphs
of digital filters makes one to implement them either in software or hardware. Even
though discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is introduced in Chap. 5, it does not deal
with the ef ficient implementation of the DFTs. Chapter 9 describes efficient com-
putational methods to calculate the DFT of a sequence. It further deals with short-
time Fourier transform, zoom FFT, etc.
So far these chapters describe discrete-time signals and systems and various
design techniques. In Chap. 10, the application of digital signal processing methods
in wireless communications in general and digital communications in particular is
discussed. The chapter deals with reducing the intersymbol interference, pulse
shaping, detection of binary data using matched filters, channel equalization,
phase-locked loop, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, and software-
defined radio, all using digital signal processing. Examples based on MATLAB
are presented along with SIMULINK-based digital communications system. Codes
for all MATLAB and SIMULINK.
I thank Tony Babaian for giving me the opportunity to teach the online courses
titled DSP I and DSP for wireless communications. My sincere thanks to Sveteslav
Maric for editing the book draft. I also thank the students for their feedback on the
contents of the application of DSP in wireless communications. I am indebted to
vi Preface
Mathworks for their continued support in providing MATLAB license, which
enabled me to develop this and my other books. My thanks go to Springer Publishing
Company and their staff for publishing my book. I am extremely grateful to my wife
Vasú, for suggesting to write this book. Without her kind and gentle encouragement,
I would not have been able to even think of writing this book, let alone completing it.
San Diego, CA, USA K.S. Thyagarajan
Preface vii
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