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An Overview
computer science
J. Glenn Brookshear
and
Dennis Brylow
12th Edition
Global Edition
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Global Edition contributions by
Manasa S.
A01_BROO1160_12_SE_FM.indd 1 01/08/14 9:37 AM
Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia Horton
Executive Editor: Tracy Johnson
Program Management Team Lead: Scott Disanno
Program Manager: Carole Snyder
Project Manager: Camille Trentacoste
Head, Learning Asset Acquisitions, Global Edition: Laura Dent
Acquisition Editor, Global Edition: Karthik Subramanian
Project Editor, Global Edition: Anuprova Dey Chowdhuri
Operations Specialist: Linda Sager
Cover Designer: Lumina Datamatics Ltd
Cover Image: Andrea Danti/Shutterstock
Cover Printer/Binder: Courier Kendallville
Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Harlow
Essex CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world
Visit us on the World Wide Web at:
www.pearsonglobaleditions.com
© Pearson Education Limited 2015
The rights of J. Glenn Brookshear and Dennis Brylow to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled computer science: An Overview, 12th edition, ISBN 973-0-13-376006-4, by
J.Glenn Brookshear and Dennis Brylow, published by Pearson Education © 2015.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a
license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby
Street, London EC1N 8TS.
All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author
or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or
endorsement of this book by such owners.
Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained in the documents
and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. All such documents and related graphics are provided “as is”
without warranty of any kind. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this
information, including all warranties and conditions of merchantability, whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a particular
purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special, indirect or
consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence
or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information available from the services.
The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically
added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/
or the program(s) described herein at any time. Partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified.
Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. This book is not
sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation.
ISBN 10: 1-292-06116-2
ISBN 13: 978-1-292-06116-0
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
14 13 12 11 10
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Typeset in 8 VeljovicStd-Books by Laserwords Private, LTD.
Printed and bound by Courier Kendallville.
The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests.
A01_BROO1160_12_SE_FM.indd 2 01/08/14 9:37 AM
This book presents an introductory survey of computer science. It explores the
breadth of the subject while including enough depth to convey an honest appre-
ciation for the topics involved.
Audience
We wrote this text for students of computer science as well as students from other
disciplines. As for computer science students, most begin their studies with the
illusion that computer science is programming, Web browsing, and Internet file
sharing because that is essentially all they have seen. Yet computer science is
much more than this. Beginning computer science students need exposure to
the breadth of the subject in which they are planning to major. Providing this
exposure is the theme of this book. It gives students an overview of computer
science—a foundation from which they can appreciate the relevance and inter-
relationships of future courses in the field. This survey approach is, in fact, the
model used for introductory courses in the natural sciences.
This broad background is also what students from other disciplines need if
they are to relate to the technical society in which they live. A computer science
course for this audience should provide a practical, realistic understanding of the
entire field rather than merely an introduction to using the Internet or training
in the use of some popular software packages. There is, of course, a proper place
for that training, but this text is about educating.
While writing previous editions of this text, maintaining accessibility for non-
technical students was a major goal. The result was that the book has been used
successfully in courses for students over a wide range of disciplines and educa-
tional levels, ranging from high school to graduate courses. This 12
th
edition is
designed to continue that tradition.
New in the 12
th
Edition
The underlying theme during the development of this 12
th
edition has been incor-
porating an introduction to the Python programming language into key chapters.
In the earliest chapters, these supplementary sections are labeledoptional.
Preface
3
A01_BROO1160_12_SE_FM.indd 3 01/08/14 9:37 AM
4
Preface
ByChapter5, we replace the previous editions’ Pascal-like notation with Python
and Python-flavored pseudocode.
This represents a significant change for a book that has historically striven
to sidestep allegiance to any specific language. We make this change for several
reasons. First, the text already contains quite a bit of code in various languages,
including detailed pseudocode in several chapters. To the extent that readers are
already absorbing a fair amount of syntax, it seems appropriate to retarget that
syntax toward a language they may actually see in a subsequent course. More
importantly, a growing number of instructors who use this text have made the
determination that even in a breadth-first introduction to computing, it is difficult
for students to master many of the topics in the absence of programming tools
for exploration and experimentation.
But why Python? Choosing a language is always a contentious matter, with
any choice bound to upset at least as many as it pleases. Python is an excellent
middle ground, with:
• a clean, easily learned syntax,
• simple I/O primitives,
• data types and control structures that correspond closely to the
pseudocode primitives used in earlier editions, and
• support for multiple programming paradigms.
It is a mature language with a vibrant development community and copi-
ous online resources for further study. Python remains one of the top 10 most
commonly used languages in industry by some measures, and has seen a sharp
increase in its usage for introductory computer science courses. It is particularly
popular for introductory courses for non-majors, and has wide acceptance in
other STEM fields such as physics and biology as the language of choice for com-
putational science applications.
Nevertheless, the focus of the text remains on broad computer science
concepts; the Python supplements are intended to give readers a deeper taste
of programming than previous editions, but not to serve as a full-fledged intro-
duction to programming. The Python topics covered are driven by the existing
structure of the text. Thus, Chapter 1 touches on Python syntax for representing
data— integers, floats, ASCII and Unicode strings, etc. Chapter 2 touches on Python
operations that closely mirror the machine primitives discussed throughout the
rest of the chapter. Conditionals, loops, and functions are introduced in Chapter5,
at the time that those constructs are needed to devise a sufficiently complete
pseudocode for describing algorithms. In short, Python constructs are used to
reinforce computer science concepts rather than to hijack the conversation.
In addition to the Python content, virtually every chapter has seen revisions,
updates, and corrections from the previous editions.
Organization
This text follows a bottom-up arrangement of subjects that progresses from the
concrete to the abstract—an order that results in a sound pedagogical presenta-
tion in which each topic leads to the next. It begins with the fundamentals of
information encoding, data storage, and computer architecture (Chapters 1 and 2);
progresses to the study of operating systems (Chapter 3) and computer networks
A01_BROO1160_12_SE_FM.indd 4 01/08/14 9:37 AM
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