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Sun Microsystems, Inc.
MS BRM01-209
500 Eldorado Boulevard
Broomfield, Colorado 80021
U.S.A.
®
Object-OrientedApplicationAnalysis
andDesignforJavaTechnology(UML)
Revision B, March 2000
OO-226
StudentGuide
Please
Recycle
Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303, U.S.A. All rights reserved.
This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompi-
lation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and
its licensors, if any.
Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers.
Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark
in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd.
Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun Logo, Java™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other coun-
tries.
U.S. Government approval required when exporting the product.
RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g) (2)(6/87) and
FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a).
DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND WARRAN-
TIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-IN-
FRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID.
iii
Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Enterprise Services March 2000, Revision B
Contents
About This Course.................................................................................... xiii
Course Goal ...................................................................................... xiii
Course Overview .............................................................................. xiv
Course Map......................................................................................... xv
Module-by-Module Overview........................................................ xvi
Course Objectives.............................................................................. xix
Skills Gained by Module................................................................... xx
Guidelines for Module Pacing ........................................................ xxi
Topics Not Covered......................................................................... xxii
How Prepared Are You?............................................................... xxiii
Introductions .................................................................................. xxiv
How to Use Course Materials ........................................................ xxv
Course Icons and Typographical Conventions ........................ xxvii
Icons ........................................................................................ xxvii
Typographical Conventions............................................... xxviii
Introducing Object-Oriented Analysis and Design............................1-1
Objectives ........................................................................................... 1-1
Relevance............................................................................................ 1-2
Additional Resources ....................................................................... 1-3
Defining OOA&D Methodology .................................................... 1-4
Defining the Analysis Phase............................................................ 1-5
Defining the Design Phase............................................................... 1-6
Characteristics of Object-Oriented Programming........................ 1-7
Objects.........................................................................................1-8
Classes ......................................................................................1-10
Major Features of Object -Oriented Programming .................... 1-12
Abstraction....................................................................................... 1-13
Encapsulation .................................................................................. 1-14
Association....................................................................................... 1-16
Aggregation ..................................................................................... 1-17
Composition..................................................................................... 1-18
iv
Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Enterprise Services March 2000, Revision B
Exercise 1: Abstraction and Encapsulation ................................. 1-19
Preparation...............................................................................1-19
Tasks .........................................................................................1-19
Inheritance........................................................................................ 1-20
Cohesion and Coupling ................................................................. 1-21
Polymorphism................................................................................. 1-22
Exercise 2: Inheritance and Polymorphism................................. 1-24
Preparation...............................................................................1-24
Tasks .........................................................................................1-24
Overview of Development Processes........................................... 1-26
Traditional Development Processes.....................................1-27
OOA&D Development Process..................................................... 1-29
Iterative, Incremental Lifecycle of Projects ................................. 1-31
Iterative, Incremental Lifecycle of Projects ................................. 1-32
Major Phases of Iterative, Incremental Lifecycle........................ 1-33
The Inception Phase................................................................1-36
The Elaboration Phase............................................................1-37
The Construction Phase .........................................................1-38
The Transition Phase ..............................................................1-39
Workflows Within Phases ............................................................. 1-40
Benefits of an Iterative, Incremental Lifecycle....................1-44
Notes................................................................................................. 1-45
Check Your Progress ...................................................................... 1-46
Think Beyond .................................................................................. 1-47
Introducing the Unified Modeling Language......................................2-1
Objectives ........................................................................................... 2-1
Relevance............................................................................................ 2-2
Additional Resources ....................................................................... 2-3
Background........................................................................................ 2-4
Previous Methods .....................................................................2-4
Analogy with House and Blueprint .......................................2-7
Types of UML Diagrams.................................................................. 2-8
Static Model ...............................................................................2-9
Dynamic Model.......................................................................2-11
Other Important UML Elements................................................... 2-13
Key UML Diagrams........................................................................ 2-14
Use Case Diagram........................................................................... 2-14
Use Case Diagram Elements .................................................2-16
Class Diagram.................................................................................. 2-17
Conceptual Class Diagrams ..................................................2-19
Implementation Class Diagram............................................2-19
Object Diagram................................................................................ 2-20
Component Diagrams .................................................................... 2-22
Deployment Diagrams ................................................................... 2-24
Sequence Diagrams......................................................................... 2-26
Collaboration Diagrams................................................................. 2-28
v
Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Enterprise Services March 2000, Revision B
State Transition Diagrams ............................................................. 2-29
Activity Diagrams........................................................................... 2-31
Package Notation ............................................................................ 2-33
UML Extension Mechanisms......................................................... 2-35
Comments in the UML...........................................................2-36
Stereotypes in the UML..........................................................2-36
Constraints in the UML..........................................................2-36
Tagged Elements in the UML................................................2-36
Notes................................................................................................. 2-37
Check Your Progress ...................................................................... 2-38
Think Beyond .................................................................................. 2-39
Requirements and Initial Analysis.........................................................3-1
Objectives ........................................................................................... 3-1
Relevance............................................................................................ 3-2
Additional Resources ....................................................................... 3-3
Starting the Development Process.................................................. 3-4
Gathering Information ..................................................................... 3-5
Sources of Information.............................................................3-6
Avoiding Traditional Assumptions .......................................3-8
Domain Experts.......................................................................3-10
Problem Statement.......................................................................... 3-12
Problem Domain .....................................................................3-14
Candidate Objects and Classes ..................................................... 3-15
Problem Statement Example Showing Candidate
Objects and Classes..............................................................3-16
Candidate Objects and Classes Form...................................3-17
Data Dictionary ............................................................................... 3-18
Common Data Dictionary Elements ....................................3-19
Example of Data Dictionary Entries Based on
Hotel Problem Statement....................................................3-20
Exercise 1: Problem Statement and Data Dictionary ................. 3-22
Preparation...............................................................................3-22
Tasks .........................................................................................3-22
Rules of Tennis ........................................................................3-23
Additional Information..........................................................3-23
Creating Use Cases ......................................................................... 3-25
Creating a Use Case Model ...................................................3-26
Components of a Use Case Model........................................3-27
Examples of Use Case Diagram............................................3-28
Use Case Scenarios.......................................................................... 3-32
Example Use Case Scenarios.................................................3-33
Exercise 2: Use Cases & Use Case Scenarios............................... 3-34
Preparation...............................................................................3-34
Tasks .........................................................................................3-34
Use Case Forms ............................................................................... 3-35
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