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MATLAB(矩阵实验室)是MATrix LABoratory的缩写,是一款由美国The MathWorks公司出品的商业数学软件。MATLAB是一种用于算法开发、数据可视化、数据分析以及数值计算的高级技术计算语言和交互式环境。除了矩阵运算、绘制函数/数据图像等常用功能外,MATLAB还可以用来创建用户界面及与调用其它语言(包括C、C++、Java、Python和FORTRAN)编写的程序。 尽管MATLAB主要用于数值运算,但利用为数众多的附加工具箱(Toolbox)它也适合不同领域的应用,例如控制系统设计与分析、图像处理、信号处理与通讯、金融建模和分析等。另外还有一个配套软件包Simulink,提供一个可视化开发环境,常用于系统模拟、动态/嵌入式系统开发等方面。
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Using MATLAB
®
Graphics
Version 7
MATLAB
®
The Language of Technical Computing
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Using MATLAB Graphics
© COPYRIGHT 1984 - 2004 by The MathWorks, Inc.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used
or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. No part of this manual may be photocopied or
reproduced in any form without prior written consent from The MathWorks, Inc.
FEDERAL ACQUISITION: This provision applies to all acquisitions of the Program and Documentation by,
for, or through the federal government of the United States. By accepting delivery of the Program or
Documentation, the government hereby agrees that this software or documentation qualifies as commercial
computer software or commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used or defined in
FAR 12.212, DFARS Part 227.72, and DFARS 252.227-7014. Accordingly, the terms and conditions of this
Agreement and only those rights specified in this Agreement, shall pertain to and govern the use,
modification, reproduction, release, performance, display, and disclosure of the Program and Documentation
by the federal government (or other entity acquiring for or through the federal government) and shall
supersede any conflicting contractual terms or conditions. If this License fails to meet the government's
needs or is inconsistent in any respect with federal procurement law, the government agrees to return the
Program and Documentation, unused, to The MathWorks, Inc.
MATLAB, Simulink, Stateflow, Handle Graphics, and Real-Time Workshop are registered trademarks, and
TargetBox is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
Other product or brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Printing History:January 1997 First printing New for MATLAB 5.1
January 1998 Second printingRevised for MATLAB 5.2
January 1999 Third printing Revised for MATLAB 5.3 (Release 11)
September 2000 Fourth printingRevised for MATLAB 6.0 (Release 12)
June 2001 Online only Revised for MATLAB 6.1 (Release 12.1)
July 2002 Online only Revised for MATLAB 6.5 (Release 13)
June 2004 Fifth printing Revised for MATLAB 7.0 (Release 14)
October 2004 Online only Revised for MATLAB 7.0.1 (Release 14SP1)
i
Contents
Graphics
1
MATLAB Plotting Tools
Anatomy of a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Figure ToolBars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Plotting Tools — Interactive Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Starting the Plotting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Plotting Tools Interface Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
The Figure Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
The Plot Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
The Property Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Accessing All Object Properties — Property Inspector . . . . . . 1-16
Example — Working with Plotting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Adding a Subplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
Example — Plotting Workspace Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25
Plotting Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Example — Specifying a Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Creating the Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Varying the Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Data Sources for Multiobject Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32
Example — Generating M-Code to Reproduce a Graph . . 1-34
Data Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35
ii Contents
Editing Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36
Interactive Plot Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36
Using Functions to Edit Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36
Using Plot Edit Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37
Starting Plot Edit Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-38
Exiting Plot Edit Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-38
Selecting Objects in a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-38
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
Moving and Resizing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
Setting Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40
Undo/Redo — Eliminating Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40
Saving Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-42
Saving a Graph in MAT-File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-42
Saving to a Different Format — Exporting Figures . . . . . . . . 1-43
Printing Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-44
Generating an M-File to Recreate a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-44
2
Data Exploration Tools
Ways to Explore Graphical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Types of Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Data Cursor — Displaying Data Values Interactively . . . . . 2-3
Enabling Data Cursor Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Display Style — Datatip or Cursor Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Selection Style — Select Data Points or Interpolate Points
on Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-8
Exporting Data Value to Workspace Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Zooming in 2-D and 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Zooming in 2-D Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Panning — Moving Your View of the Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
2-D vs. 3-D Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
iii
Rotate 3D — Interactive Rotation of 3-D Views . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Enabling Rotate 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Selecting Predefined Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Rotation Style for Complex Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Undo/Redo — Eliminating Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Analyzing Graphical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Basic Curve Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Adding Plots of Basic Statistics to Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
Example — Plotting the Mean of a Data Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
Formatting Plots of Data Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Statistics Plotted by the Data Statistics Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Viewing Statistics for Multiple Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
Saving Statistics to the MATLAB Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
3
Annotating Graphs
How to Annotate Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Graph Annotation Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Enclosing Regions of a Graph in a Rectangle or an Ellipse . . . . 3-5
Textbox Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Annotation Lines and Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Adding a Colorbar to a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Adding a Legend to a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Pinning — Attaching to a Point in the Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Alignment Tool — Aligning and Distributing Objects . . . . 3-20
Example — Vertical Distribute, Horizontal Align . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Align/Distribute Menu Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Snap to Grid — Aligning Objects on a Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
Adding Titles to Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Using the Title Option on the Insert Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Using the Property Editor to Add a Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Using the title Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
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