unity3d基本教程包括gui和script入门非常适合入门的教程

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基本教程.rar （2个子文件）

基本教程

GUIEssentials.pdf 273KB

ScriptingTutorial.pdf 283KB

Introduction to scripting with Unity

Scripting is an essential part of Unity as it

deﬁnes the behaviour of your game. This

tutorial will introduce the fundamentals of

scripting using Javascript. No prior knowledge

of Javascript or Unity is required.

Time to complete: 2 hours.

Author: Graham McAllister

Contents

1. Aims of this tutorial

2. Prerequisites

3. Naming conventions

4. Player Input

5. Connecting variables

6. Accessing components

7. Instantiate

8. Debugging

9. Common Script Types

1. Aims of this tutorial

Scripting is how the user deﬁnes a gameʼs behaviour (or

rules) in Unity. The recommended programming

language for Unity is Javascript, however C# or Boo

can also be used. This tutorial will cover the

fundamentals of scripting in Unity and also introduce key

elements of the Application Programming Interface (API).

You can think of the API as code that has already been

written for you which lets you concentrate on your game

design and also speeds up development time.

A good understanding of these basic principles is

essential in order to harness the full power of Unity.

2. Prerequisites

This tutorial focuses on the scripting element of Unity, it

is assumed you are already familiar with Unityʼs interface

(if not you should read the Unity GUI tutorial).

In order to make scripting easier to understand, it is

preferable to have a code editor that has syntax

highlighting support for Javascript. This means that

reserved words (syntax used by Javascript itself) are

coloured differently than user deﬁned words. One such

editor is SubEthaEdit.

NB: any text that requires the user to take an action

begins with a ʻ-ʼ.

3. Naming Conventions

Before we begin, it is worth mentioning some conventions in Unity.

Variables - begin with a lowercase letter. Variables are used to store information about

any aspects of a gameʼs state.

Functions - begin with an uppercase letter. Functions are blocks of code which are

written once and can then be reused as often as needed.

Classes - begin with an uppercase letter. These can be thought of as collections of

functions.

Tip: When reading example code or the Unity API, pay close attention to the ﬁrst letter of

words. This will help you better understand the relationship between objects.

4. Player Input

For our ﬁrst program weʼre going to allow the user

to move around in a simple game world.

Setting the scene

- Start Unity.

Firstly, letʼs create a surface for the user to walk on.

The surface weʼre going to use is a ﬂattened cube

shape.

- Create a cube and scale its x,y,z dimensions to 5, 0.1, 5 respectively, it should now

resemble a large ﬂat plane. Rename this object ʻPlaneʼ in the Hierarchy View.

- Create a 2nd cube and place it at the centre of this plane. If you canʼt see the objects in

your Game View, alter the main camera so theyʼre visible. Rename the object to

Cube1.

- You should also create a point light and place it above the cubes so that theyʼre more

easily visible.

- Save the scene by selecting File->Save As and give the game a name.

Our ﬁrst script

Weʼre now ready to start game programming. Weʼre going to allow the player to move

around the game world by controlling the position of the main camera. To do this weʼre

going to write a script which will read input from the keyboard, then we attach (associate)

the script with the main camera (more on that in the next section).

- Begin by creating an empty script. Select Assets->Create->Javascript and rename this

script to Move1 in the Project Panel.

- Double-click on the Move1 script and it will open with the Update() function already

inserted (this is default behaviour), weʼre going to insert our code inside this function.

Any code you insert inside the Update() function will be executed every frame.

In order to move a game object in Unity we need to alter the position property of its

transform, the Translate function belonging to the transform will let us do this. The

Translate function takes 3 parameters, x, y and z movement. As we want to control the

main camera game object with the cursor keys, we simply attach code to determine if the

cursor keys are being pressed for the respective parameters:

function Update () {

transform.Translate(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), 0, Input.GetAxis("Vertical"));

The Input.GetAxis() function returns a value between -1 and 1, e.g. on the horizontal axis,

the left cursor key maps to -1, the right cursor key maps to 1.

Notice the 0 parameter for the y-axis as weʼre not interested in moving the camera

upwards. The Horizontal and Vertical axis are pre-deﬁned in the Input Settings, the names

and keys mapped to them can be easily changed in Edit->Project Settings->Input.

- Open the Move1 Javascript and type in the above code, pay close attention to capital

letters.

Attaching the script

Now that our ﬁrst script is written, how do we tell Unity which game object should have this

behaviour? All we have to do is to attach the script to the game object which we want to

exhibit this behaviour.

- To do this, ﬁrst click on the game object that you wish to have the behaviour as deﬁned

in the script. In our case, this is the Main Camera, and you can select it from either the

Hierarchy View or the Scene View.

- Next select Components->Scripts->Move1 from the main menu. This attaches the

script to the camera, you should notice that the Move1 component now appears in the

Inspector View for the main camera.

Tip: You can also assign a script to an game object by dragging the script from the

Project View onto the object in the Scene View.

- Run the game (press the play icon at the lower left hand corner), you should be able to

move the main camera with the cursor keys or W,S,A,D.

You probably noticed that the camera moved a little too fast, letʼs look at a better way to

control the camera speed.

Delta time

As the previous code was inside the Update() function, the camera was moving at a

velocity measured in meters per frame. It is better however to ensure that your game

objects move at the more predictable rate of meters per second. To achieve this we

multiply the value returned from the Input.GetAxis() function by Time.deltaTime and also

by the velocity we want to move per second:

评论收藏

内容反馈

zzuyouling

2013-01-16

虽然是英文版的，但是还不错，已经学完了
zb568668752

2013-06-06

这个也太简单了，“基本”得根本称不上是“教程”
yunmengran

2017-11-06

英文的，专业词汇不太容易翻译
yiranl

2014-06-06

因为是英文，所以看起来还是笔记哦啊吃力的，但是还是感谢。
wyude

2013-04-10

英文?靠，还没看，希望能看懂

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