ISO/IECC语言标准(1999)资源-CSDN文库

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Reference number

ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E)

ISO/IEC 1999

INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

ISO/IEC

9899

Second edition

1999-12-01

Programming languages — C

Langages de programmation — C

Processed and adopted by ASC the National Committee for

Information Technology Standards (NCITS) and approved by

ANSI as an American National Standard.

Date of ANSI Approval: 5/22/2000

Published by American National Standards Institute,

11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036

These materials are subject to copyright claims of International

Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI),

and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,

including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written

permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be

submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.

Printed in the United States of America

ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) ©ISO/IEC

6.5.1 Primary expressions ................. 69

6.5.2 Postﬁx operators ................... 69

6.5.3 Unary operators ................... 78

6.5.4 Cast operators .................... 81

6.5.5 Multiplicative operators ................ 82

6.5.6 Additive operators .................. 82

6.5.7 Bitwise shift operators ................. 84

6.5.8 Relational operators .................. 85

6.5.9 Equality operators .................. 86

6.5.10 Bitwise

AND operator ................. 87

6.5.11 Bitwise exclusive

OR operator ............. 88

6.5.12 Bitwise inclusive

OR operator .............. 88

6.5.13 Logical

AND operator ................. 89

6.5.14 Logical

OR operator ................. 89

6.5.15 Conditional operator ................. 90

6.5.16 Assignment operators ................. 91

6.5.17 Comma operator ................... 94

6.6 Constant expressions ..................... 95

6.7 Declarations ........................ 97

6.7.1 Storage-class speciﬁers ................ 98

6.7.2 Type speciﬁers .................... 99

6.7.3 Type qualiﬁers ....................108

6.7.4 Function speciﬁers ..................112

6.7.5 Declarators .....................114

6.7.6 Type names .....................122

6.7.7 Type deﬁnitions ...................123

6.7.8 Initialization ....................125

6.8 Statements and blocks ....................131

6.8.1 Labeled statements ..................131

6.8.2 Compound statement .................132

6.8.3 Expression and null statements .............132

6.8.4 Selection statements .................133

6.8.5 Iteration statements ..................135

6.8.6 Jump statements ...................136

6.9 External deﬁnitions .....................140

6.9.1 Function deﬁnitions ..................141

6.9.2 External object deﬁnitions ...............143

6.10 Preprocessing directives ...................145

6.10.1 Conditional inclusion .................147

6.10.2 Source ﬁle inclusion .................149

6.10.3 Macro replacement ..................151

6.10.4 Line control .....................158

6.10.5 Error directive ....................159

6.10.6 Pragma directive ...................159

iv Contents

©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)

6.10.7 Null directive ....................160

6.10.8 Predeﬁned macro names ................160

6.10.9 Pragma operator ...................161

6.11 Future language directions ..................163

6.11.1 Floating types ....................163

6.11.2 Linkages of identiﬁers .................163

6.11.3 External names ...................163

6.11.4 Character escape sequences ..............163

6.11.5 Storage-class speciﬁers ................163

6.11.6 Function declarators .................163

6.11.7 Function deﬁnitions ..................163

6.11.8 Pragma directives ..................163

6.11.9 Predeﬁned macro names ................163

7. Library .............................164

7.1 Introduction ........................164

7.1.1 Deﬁnitions of terms ..................164

7.1.2 Standard headers ...................165

7.1.3 Reserved identiﬁers ..................166

7.1.4 Use of library functions ................166

7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h> ..................169

7.2.1 Program diagnostics .................169

7.3 Complex arithmetic <complex.h> ..............170

7.3.1 Introduction .....................170

7.3.2 Conventions .....................171

7.3.3 Branch cuts .....................171

7.3.4 The CX_LIMITED_RANGE pragma ...........171

7.3.5 Trigonometric functions ................172

7.3.6 Hyperbolic functions .................174

7.3.7 Exponential and logarithmic functions ..........176

7.3.8 Power and absolute-value functions ...........177

7.3.9 Manipulation functions ................178

7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> ................181

7.4.1 Character classiﬁcation functions ............181

7.4.2 Character case mapping functions ............184

7.5 Errors <errno.h> .....................186

7.6 Floating-point environment <fenv.h> .............187

7.6.1 The FENV_ACCESS pragma ..............189

7.6.2 Floating-point exceptions ...............190

7.6.3 Rounding ......................192

7.6.4 Environment ....................194

7.7 Characteristics of ﬂoating types <float.h> ...........196

7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> ........197

7.8.1 Macros for format speciﬁers ..............197

7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types .........198

Contents v

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