PC-Lint 9.0L最新版，附带MISRA C++ 2008 pdf完整版

-------------------------------------------------- --- 19. MESSAGES --- -------------------------------------------------- Most error messages have an associated error number. By looking up the number in the list below you can obtain additional information about the cause of the error. After dividing the number by 1000 there is a quotient and a remainder. The quotient is in the range of 0-9. The remainder lies in the range 0-999. Remainders in the range 1-199 are syntax errors, 200-299 are PC-lint/FlexeLint internal errors and should never occur, 300-399 are fatal errors usually brought about by exceeding some limit, 400-699 are warning messages that indicate that something is likely to be wrong with the program being examined. Remainders in the range 700-899 designate informational messages. These may be errors but they also may represent legitimate programming practices depending upon personal programming style. Remainders in the range 900-999 are called "Elective Notes". They are not automatically output. You may examine the list to see if you wish to be alerted to any of them. Lint also provides an additional set of elective notes in the 9000 range to help support various coding guidelines. Like the traditional Elective Notes, these messages are not automatically outputted. C C++ Warning Level Syntax Errors 1 - 199 1001 - 1199 1 Internal Errors 200 - 299 1200 - 1299 0 Fatal Errors 300 - 399 0 Warnings 400 - 699 1400 - 1699 2 Informational 700 - 899 1700 - 1899 3 Elective Notes 900 - 999 1900 - 1999 4 Elective Notes 9000 - 9199 Same 4 Glossary A few of the terms used in the commentary below are: argument The actual argument of a function as opposed to a dummy (or formal) parameter of a function (see parameter). arithmetic Any of the integral types (see below) plus float, double, and long double. Boolean In general, the word Boolean refers to quantities that can be either true or false. An expression is said to be Boolean (perhaps it would be better to say 'definitely Boolean') if it is of the form: operand op operand where op is a relational (> >= < <=), an equality operator (== !=), logical And (&&) or logical Or (||). A context is said to require a Boolean if it is used in an if or while clause or if it is the 2nd expression of a for clause or if it is an argument to one of the operators: && or ||. An expression needn't be definitely Boolean to be acceptable in a context that requires a Boolean. Any integer or pointer is acceptable. declaration Gives properties about an object or function (as opposed to a definition). definition That which allocates space for an object or function (as opposed to a declaration) and which may also indicate properties about the object. There should be only one definition for an object but there may be many declarations. integral A type that has properties similar to integers. These include char, short, int, and long and the unsigned variations of any of these. scalar Any of the arithmetic types plus pointers. lvalue Is an expression that can be used on the Left hand side of an assignment operator (=). Some contexts require lvalues such as autoincrement (++) and autodecrement (--). macro An abbreviation defined by a #define statement. It may or may not have arguments. member Elements of a struct and of a union are called members. module That which is compiled by a compiler in a single independent compilation. It typically includes all the text of a .c (or a .cpp or .cxx, etc.) file plus any text within any #include file(s). parameter A formal parameter of a function as opposed to an actual argument (see argument). Message Parameters Some of the messages are parameterized with one or more of the following italicized names: Char Some character Context Specifies one of several contexts in which an assignment can be made. Can be one of: o assignment -- refers to an explicit assignment operator. o return -- refers to the implied assignment of a return statement. The type of the expression is converted implicitly to the type of the function. o initialization -- refers to the assignment implied by an initialization statement. o arg. no.... -- refers to the implied assignment of an argument in the presence of a prototype. The type of the expression is implicitly converted to the type within a prototype. o arg. 'this' -- refers to the implied argument of a member function call. FileName A filename. Messages containing this parameter can be suppressed with the -efile( ... ) option. Integer Some integer Invocation A function call with argument types. To suppress a message containing an Invocation you need the complete call, not just the function name. For example, the call f(1) could result in Error 1024 parameterized by 'f(int)'. To suppress this message you could use -esym(1024,f(int)). You could also use wild cards as in -esym(1024,f*). Kind A list of control structures. Location A line number followed optionally by a filename (if different from the current) and/or a module name if different from the current. Name A string, usually an identifier, that can be suppressed with a -esym but not with -elibsym. String A sequence of characters identified further in the message description. Symbol The name of a user identifier referring to a C or C++ object such as variable, function, structure, etc. Messages containing this parameter can be suppressed with the -esym( ... ) option. For C++, if Symbol is the name of a function the full function signature (including parameters) is given. Error suppression with -esym does not require (nor want) the parameters. Type A type or a top type base is provided. A top type base is one of pointer, function, array, struct, union, or enum. TypeDiff Specifies the way in which one type differs from another. Because of type qualification, function prototypes, and type compounding, it may not be obvious how two types differ. Also, see the -etd option to inhibit errors based on type differences. TypeDiff can be one or more of: o basic -- The two types differ in some fundamental way such as double versus int. o count -- Two function types differ in the number of arguments. o ellipsis -- Two function types differ in that one is prototyped using an ellipsis and the other is not prototyped. See <Section,15.8,Plain Vanilla Functions>. o incomplete -- At least one of the types is only partially specified such as an array without a dimension or a function without a prototype. o nominal -- The types are nominally different but are otherwise the same. For example, int versus long where these are the same size or double versus long double where these are the same size. The two types are either both in