Electromagnetics for High-Speed Analog and Digital Communication...

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 System in Package (SiP): chip and package co-design 13 1.3 Future wireless communication systems 13 1.4 Circuits and electromagnetic simulation 15 2 Capacitance 18 2.1 Electrostatics review 18 2.2 Capacitance 32 2.3 Non-linear capacitance 41 2.4 References 52 3 Resistance 53 3.1 Ohm’s Law 53 3.2 Conduction in semiconductors 59 3.3 Diffusion 66 3.4 Thermal noise 68 3.5 References 73 4 Amp` ere, Faraday, and Maxwell 74 4.1 Amp` ere: static magnetic fields 74 4.2 Magnetic materials 82 4.3 Faraday’s big discovery 88 4.4 Maxwell’s displacement current 91 4.5 References 95 5 Inductance 96 5.1 Introduction 96 5.2 Inductance 97 5.3 Magnetic energy and inductance 101 5.4 Discussion of inductanc 5.5 Partial inductance and return currents 119 5.6 Impedance and quality factor 120 5.7 Frequency response of inductors 121 5.8 Quality factor of inductors 130 5.9 Inductors and switching circuits 133 5.10 Preview: how inductors mutate into capacitors 135 5.11 References 136 6 Passive device design and layout 137 6.1 Ring inductor 137 6.2 The classic coil 141 6.3 Spirals 143 6.4 Symmetric inductors 145 6.5 Multilayer inductors 147 6.6 Inductor equivalent circuit models 149 6.7 Integrated capacitors 150 6.8 Calculation by means of the vector potential 153 6.9 References 165 6.10 Appendix: Filamental partial mutual inductance 165 7 Resonance and impedance matching 168 7.1 Resonance 168 7.2 The many faces of Q 180 7.3 Impedance matching 186 7.4 Distributed matching networks 199 7.5 Filters 199 7.6 References 200 8 Small-signal high-speed amplifiers 201 8.1 Broadband amplifiers 202 8.2 Classical two-port amplifier design 220 8.3 Transistor figures of merit 242 8.4 References 244 9 Transmission lines 246 9.1 Distributed properties of a cable 246 9.2 An infinite ladder network 248 9.3 Transmission lines as distributed ladder networks 249 9.4 Transmission line termination 253 9.5 Lossless transmission lines 255 9.6 Lossy transmission lines 260 9.7 Field theory of transmission lines 264 9.8 T-line structures 265 9.9 Transmission line circuits 272 9.10 The Smith Chart 282 9.11 Transmission line-matching networks 287 9.12 References 292 10 Transformers 293 10.1 Ideal transformers 293 10.2 Dot convention 294 10.3 Coupled inductors as transformers 295 10.4 Coupled inductor equivalent circuits 296 10.5 Transformer design and layout 299 10.6 Baluns 301 10.7 Hybrid transformer 302 10.8 Transformer parasitics 305 10.9 Transformer figures of merit 305 10.10 Circuits with transformers 310 10.11 References 319 11 Distributed circuits 320 11.1 Distributed RC circuits 320 11.2 Transmission line transformers 325 11.3 FETs at high frequency 332 11.4 Distributed amplifier 335 11.5 References 342 12 High-speed switching circuits 343 12.1 Transmission lines and high-speed switching circuits 343 12.2 Transients on transmission lines 345 12.3 Step function excitation of an infinite line 346 12.4 Terminated transmission line 348 12.5 Reactive terminations 357 12.6 Transmission line dispersion 360 12.7 References 363 13 Magnetic and electrical coupling and isolation 364 13.1 Electrical coupling 364 13.2 Magnetic coupling 367 13.3 Ground noise coupling 373 13.4 Substrate coupling 378 13.5 Package coupling 383 13.6 References 385 14 Electromagnetic propagation and radiation 386 14.1 Maxwell’s equations in source-free regions 386 14.2 Penetration of waves into conductors 390 14.3 Poynting vector 395 14.4 EM power carried by a plane wave 397 14.5 Complex Poynting Theorem 399 14.6 Reflections from a perfect conductor 402 14.7 Normal incidence on a dielectric 404 14.8 References 406 15 Microwave circuits 407 15.1 What are microwave circuits? 407 15.2 Microwave networks 409 15.3 Lorentz reciprocity theorem 409 15.4 The network formulation 412 15.5 Scattering matrix 414 15.6 Properties of three-ports 421 15.7 Properties of four-ports 429 15.8 Two conductor coupler 438 15.9 References 440 References 441 Index 445