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Android NDK 文档（PDF版本）

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Android NDK 文档（PDF版本）根据最新2.2r4b文档整理。

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Android NDK Installation

Introduction:

-------------

Please read docs/OVERVIEW.TXT to understand what the Android NDK is and is not.

This file gives instructions on how to properly setup your NDK.

I. Requirements:

----------------

The Android NDK currently requires a Linux, OS X or Windows host operating system.

Windows users will need to install Cygwin 1.7 or later (http://www.cygwin.com) to

use the NDK. Note that running it under MSys or Cygwin 1.5 is not supported.

You will need to have the Android SDK and its dependencies installed. The NDK

cannot generate final application packages (.apk files), only the shared library

files that can go into them.

IMPORTANT:

The Android NDK can only be used to target system images using

the Cupcake (1.5) or later releases of the platform.

This is due to subtle toolchain and ABI related changed that make

it incompatible with 1.0 and 1.1 system images.

The NDK requires GNU Make 3.81 or later being available on your development

system. Earlier versions of GNU Make might work but have not been tested.

You can check this by running 'make -v' from the command-line. The output

should look like:

GNU Make 3.81

...

On certain systems, GNU Make might be available through a different command like

'gmake' or 'gnumake'. For these systems, replace 'make' by the appropriate command

when invoking the NDK build system as described in the documentation. You might

also want to define the GNUMAKE environment variable to point to it.

The NDK also requires a Nawk or GNU Awk executable being available on your

development system. Note that the original 'awk' program doesn't implement

the 'match' and 'substr' functions used by the NDK build system.

II. Preparing your installation prebuilt cross-toolchain binaries:

------------------------------------------------------------------

Previous releases required you to run the 'build/host-setup.sh' script to

configure the NDK. However, this step has been removed in release 4 (a.k.a. r4).

The auto-detection and sanity checks that were performed by the script have

been moved into the NDK makefiles (and are now performed each time you invoke

GNU Make).

Android NDK Overview

Introduction:

The Android NDK is a set of tools that allows Android application developers

to embed native machine code compiled from C and/or C++ source files into

their application packages.

IMPORTANT:

The Android NDK can only be used to target Android system images

running Cupcake (a.k.a 1.5) or later versions of the platform.

1.0 and 1.1 system images are specifically *not* supported due to

subtle ABI and toolchain changes that happened for the 1.5 release.

I. Android NDK Goals:

---------------------

The Android VM allows your application's source code to call methods

implemented in native code through the JNI. In a nutshell, this means that:

- Your application's source code will declare one or more methods

with the 'native' keyword to indicate that they are implemented through

native code. E.g.:

native byte[] loadFile(String filePath);

- You must provide a native shared library that contains the

implementation of these methods, which will be packaged into your

application's .apk. This library must be named according to standard

Unix conventions as lib<something>.so, and shall contain a standard JNI

entry point (more on this later). For example:

libFileLoader.so

- Your application must explicitely load the library. For example, to load

it at application startup, simply add the following to its source code:

static {

System.loadLibrary("FileLoader");

}

Note that you should not use the 'lib' prefix and '.so' suffix here.

The Android NDK is a complement to the Android SDK that helps you to:

- Generate JNI-compatible shared libraries that can run on the Android

1.5 platform (and later) running on ARM CPUs.

- Copy the generated shared libraries to a proper location of your

application project path, so they will be automatically added to your

final (and signed) .apks

- In later revisions of the NDK, we intend to provide tools that help

debug your native code through a remote gdb connection and as much

source/symbol information as possible.

Moreover, the Android NDK provides:

- A set of cross-toolchains (compilers, linkers, etc..) that can

generate native ARM binaries on Linux, OS X and Windows (with Cygwin)

- A set of system headers corresponding to the list of stable native APIs

supported by the Android platform. This corresponds to definitions that

are guaranteed to be supported in all later releases of the platform.

They are documented in the file docs/STABLE-APIS.TXT

IMPORTANT:

Keep in mind that most of the native system libraries in Android system

images are not frozen and might changed drastically, or even deleted,

in later updates and releases of the platform.

- A build system that allow developers to only write very short build files

to describe which sources need to be compiled, and how. The build system

deals with all the hairy toolchain/platform/CPU/ABI specifics. Moreover,

later updates of the NDK can add support for more toolchains, platforms,

system interfaces without requiring changes in the developer's build

files (more on this later).

II. Android NDK Non-Goals:

--------------------------

The NDK is *not* a good way to write generic native code that runs on Android

devices. In particular, your applications should still be written in the Java

programming language, handle Android system events appropriately to avoid the

"Application Not Responding" dialog or deal with the Android application

life-cycle.

Note however that is is possible to write a sophisticated application in

native code with a small "application wrapper" used to start/stop it

appropriately.

A good understanding of JNI is highly recommended, since many operations

in this environment require specific actions from the developers, that are

not necessarily common in typical native code. These include:

- Not being able to directly access the content of VM objects through

direct native pointers. E.g. you cannot safely get a pointer to a

String object's 16-bit char array to iterate over it in a loop.

- Requiring explicit reference management when the native code wants to

keep handles to VM objects between JNI calls.

The NDK only provides system headers for a very limited set of native

APIs and libraries supported by the Android platform. While a typical

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