Nginx 教程从入门到精通
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Nginx 教程从入门到精通 目录
目 录
Nginx 教程从入门到精通 目录 ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Nginx 基础 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
(1)nginx 安装 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1、必要软件准备 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
2、安装 nginx ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
3、启动、关闭、重置nginx ........................................................................................................................................ 2
(2)nginx 编译参数详解 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
(3)nginx 安装配置+清缓存模块安装 ..................................................................................................................................... 5
下载软件包 ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
编译安装 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
内核参数优化 .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
配置范例站点站点 ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
修改 nginx 配置文件： ................................................................................................................................................ 6
启动 nginx ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
绑定 hosts,测试 ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
(4)nginx 连接 PHP 5.5 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
1. 安装 PHP 5.5.0 ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
2、安装配置nginx ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
3. 访问测试 .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
(5)nginx 配置虚拟主机 ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
准备站点 ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
配置 nginx 虚拟主机 .................................................................................................................................................. 11
重启并打开站点 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
其他指令 ................................................................................................................................................................... 12
(6)nginx location 配置 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
(7)nginx root&alias 文件路径配置 ...................................................................................................................................... 14
(8)nginx 日志配置 ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
1. access_log 指令 .................................................................................................................................................... 16
2. log_format 指令 ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
3. open_log_file_cache 指令 ..................................................................................................................................... 17
4. log_not_found 指令 ............................................................................................................................................... 18
5. log_subrequest 指令 ............................................................................................................................................. 18
6. rewrite_log 指令 .................................................................................................................................................... 18
7. error_log 指令 ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
(9)apache 和nginx 支持 SSI 配置 ..................................................................................................................................... 18
一. 前言 .................................................................................................................................................................... 18
二. apache 配置 ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
三. nginx 配置 ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
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(10)nginx 日志切割 ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
1. 定义日志轮滚策略 ................................................................................................................................................ 20
2. 设置计划任务 ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
(11)Nginx 重写规则指南 .................................................................................................................................................... 21
一. rewrite 模块介绍 ................................................................................................................................................. 21
二. rewrite 模块指令 ................................................................................................................................................. 21
三. 重写规则组成部分 ............................................................................................................................................... 22
四. 实例 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23
五. 创建新的重新规则 ............................................................................................................................................... 24
(12)nginx 逻辑运算 .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
(13)隐藏 Nginx 版本号的安全性与方法 .............................................................................................................................. 25
(14)CDN 调度器HAProxy、Nginx、Varnish ..................................................................................................................... 26
(15)lnmp 架构下 php 安全配置分享 ................................................................................................................................... 30
1. 使用 open_basedir 限制虚拟主机跨目录访问 ........................................................................................................ 30
2. 禁用不安全 PHP 函数 ........................................................................................................................................... 30
3. 关注软件安全资讯 ................................................................................................................................................ 30
4. php 用户只读 ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
5. 关闭 php 错误日志 ................................................................................................................................................ 31
6. php 上传分离 ........................................................................................................................................................ 31
7. 关闭 php 信息 ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
8. 禁止动态加载链接库 ............................................................................................................................................. 31
9. 禁用打开远程url ................................................................................................................................................... 31
(16)nginx tcp 代理 ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
1. 安装...................................................................................................................................................................... 32
2. 配置...................................................................................................................................................................... 32
3. 保持连接配置 ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
(17)nginx 正向代理 ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
(18)搭建 nginx 反向代理用做内网域名转发 ....................................................................................................................... 34
情景 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 34
配置步骤 ................................................................................................................................................................... 34
遇到的问题 ............................................................................................................................................................... 37
(19)nginx+keepalived+proxy_cache 配置高可用nginx 群集和高速缓存 ........................................................................... 38
(20)Nginx 战斗准备 —— 优化指南 ................................................................................................................................. 42
基本的 (优化过的)配置 ......................................................................................................................................... 43
高层的配置 ............................................................................................................................................................. 43
Events 模块.............................................................................................................................................................. 43
HTTP 模块 ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
一个完整的配置 ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
后记 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
(21)确保 nginx 安全的10 个技巧 ....................................................................................................................................... 47
NGINX 变量详解 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 49
nginx 变量使用方法详解(1) ............................................................................................................................................... 49
nginx 变量使用方法详解(2) ............................................................................................................................................... 51
nginx 变量使用方法详解(3) ............................................................................................................................................... 54
nginx 变量使用方法详解(4) ............................................................................................................................................... 57
nginx 变量使用方法详解(5) ............................................................................................................................................... 58
nginx 变量使用方法详解(6) ............................................................................................................................................... 61
nginx 变量使用方法详解(7) ............................................................................................................................................... 64
nginx 变量使用方法详解(8) ............................................................................................................................................... 66
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Nginx 模块与案例 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 69
01.如何安装nginx 第三方模块 .......................................................................................................................................... 69
02.srcache_nginx redis 构建缓存系统应用一例 ................................................................................................................ 69
03.nginx+lua+redis 构建高并发应用 ............................................................................................................................... 72
一.安装 lua................................................................................................................................................................ 72
二.安装 nginx ........................................................................................................................................................... 72
三.安装 lua-redis-parser .......................................................................................................................................... 72
四.安装 json ............................................................................................................................................................. 73
五.安装 redis-lua ...................................................................................................................................................... 73
六.配置 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 73
七.测试 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 74
04.ttserver+nginx 构建高并发高可用性应用....................................................................................................................... 74
05.nginx 生成缩略图配置 – ttlsa 教程系列之 nginx ......................................................................................................... 78
06.使用 nginx sticky 实现基于cookie 的负载均衡 .............................................................................................................. 80
07.nginx 上传模块—nginx upload module ......................................................................................................................... 83
08. nginx strip 模块删除不必要的空格 ............................................................................................................................. 86
09.nginx + ngx_lua 安装测试 ............................................................................................................................................. 89
1. 下载安装 LuaJIT ................................................................................................................................................... 89
2. 下载准备 nginx lua 模块 ........................................................................................................................................ 89
3. 安装 nginx ............................................................................................................................................................ 89
4. nginx lua 配置 ....................................................................................................................................................... 90
5. 启动测试 .............................................................................................................................................................. 90
10.nginx 统计响应的http 状态码信息(ngx-http-status-code-counter) ................................................................................. 90
1. 介绍...................................................................................................................................................................... 90
2. 安装...................................................................................................................................................................... 90
3. 配置 NGINX .......................................................................................................................................................... 91
4. 测试...................................................................................................................................................................... 91
11.nginx 流量带宽等请求状态统计( ngx_req_status) ......................................................................................................... 92
介绍 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 92
1．安装 .................................................................................................................................................................... 92
2. 配置...................................................................................................................................................................... 92
4. 指令...................................................................................................................................................................... 92
5. 测试访问 .............................................................................................................................................................. 93
6. 兼容性 .................................................................................................................................................................. 93
12.nginx 实时记录请求状态信息( ngx_realtime_request_module) ..................................................................................... 93
关于 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 93
1. 安装 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 93
2. 指令(directives) .................................................................................................................................................... 94
3. 配置实例 .............................................................................................................................................................. 94
4. 测试...................................................................................................................................................................... 94
5. 兼容性 .................................................................................................................................................................. 95
6. 参考文章 .............................................................................................................................................................. 95
13.nginx 获取大文件MD5 值(nginx 模块 ngx_file_md5) .................................................................................................... 95
1．下载模块file-md5 ................................................................................................................................................ 95
2. 安装模块 file-md5 ................................................................................................................................................. 95
3. 配置 file-md5 ........................................................................................................................................................ 95
4. 最后...................................................................................................................................................................... 96
14.nginx 不记录特定日志(access_log_bypass_if) .............................................................................................................. 97
15.nginx 快速绘制圆形图（ngx_http_circle_gif_module 模块） ......................................................................................... 98
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安装模块参数 ............................................................................................................................................................ 98
circle_gif 配置 ............................................................................................................................................................ 98
circle_gif 用法 ............................................................................................................................................................ 98
circle_gif 效果图 ........................................................................................................................................................ 99
参考地址 ................................................................................................................................................................... 99
16.nginx 实现大小写字母转换（ngx_http_lower_upper_case 模块） ................................................................................ 99
1. 安装 nginx 模块 .................................................................................................................................................... 99
2.upper/lower 指令 ................................................................................................................................................... 99
3. nginx 配置 ............................................................................................................................................................. 99
4. 测试.................................................................................................................................................................... 100
5. 参考地址 ............................................................................................................................................................. 100
17.nginx 防止高负载的解决方案(sysgurad 模块) ............................................................................................................. 100
1. 安装 nginx sysguard 模块 ................................................................................................................................... 100
2. sysguard 指令 ..................................................................................................................................................... 100
3. sysguard 使用实例 .............................................................................................................................................. 101
结束语 .................................................................................................................................................................... 102
18.nginx js、css 多个请求合并为一个请求(concat 模块) ................................................................................................. 102
1.安装 nginx concat ................................................................................................................................................. 102
2. 指令 directives .................................................................................................................................................... 103
3. 配置 nginx .......................................................................................................................................................... 103
4. 测试 nginx concat ................................................................................................................................................ 104
5. 结束语 ................................................................................................................................................................. 105
6. 参考文章 ............................................................................................................................................................ 105
19.CDN 下nginx 获取用户真实IP 地址 .......................................................................................................................... 105
20.nginx 实时生成缩略图到硬盘上 .................................................................................................................................. 107
21.perl + fastcgi + nginx 搭建 .......................................................................................................................................... 108
1. 准备软件环境： .............................................................................................................................................. 108
2. nginx 虚拟主机配置 .......................................................................................................................................... 109
3. 配置脚本 .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
4. FastCGI 测试 ...................................................................................................................................................... 113
5. 访问测试 .......................................................................................................................................................... 114
6. 简单压力测试： .............................................................................................................................................. 114
7. 文件下载 .......................................................................................................................................................... 114
22.nginx+memcached 构建页面缓存应用 ....................................................................................................................... 115
23.memc_nginx+srcache_nginx+memcached 构建透明的动态页面缓存 ........................................................................ 119
24.nginx 同一个IP 上配置多个HTTPS 主机 .................................................................................................................. 127
25.srcache_nginx redis 清除缓存 ................................................................................................................................... 129
26.nginx 动态 IP 黑白名单构建web 防火墙(ngx_white_black_list)................................................................................... 130
27.srcache_nginx+redis 构建缓存系统 ............................................................................................................................ 133
1. nginx 模块 ........................................................................................................................................................... 133
2. redis 安装配置 ..................................................................................................................................................... 133
3. nginx 配置 ........................................................................................................................................................... 135
4. 测试.................................................................................................................................................................... 137
5. 响应头状态 ......................................................................................................................................................... 137
6. 查看 redis 是否缓存以及过期时间 ....................................................................................................................... 138
28.nginx 模块 nginx-http-footer-filter 研究使用 .................................................................................................................. 138
29.nginx 本地缓存模块ngx_slowfs_cache ...................................................................................................................... 143
30.nginx+fancy 实现漂亮的索引目录 ............................................................................................................................... 145
安装环境 ................................................................................................................................................................. 145
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