温州大学操作系统课件温州大学操作系统课件

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目 录

目 录············································································································································· I

一、系统命令接口（一）···············································································································1

1.1 实验目的··················································································································1

1.2 预备知识··················································································································1

1.3 实验内容··················································································································2

1.4 实验指导··················································································································2

二、系统命令接口（二）···············································································································5

3.2 预备知识··················································································································8

3.3 实验内容················································································································10

3.4 实验指导················································································································10

四、进程创建实验·························································································································11

4.1 实验目的················································································································11

4.2 预备知识················································································································11

4.3 实验内容················································································································12

4.4 实验指导················································································································12

4.5 参考源代码············································································································13

五、管道通信实验·························································································································14

6.1 实验目的················································································································18

6.2 预备知识················································································································18

6.3 实验内容················································································································20

6.4 实验指导················································································································20

6.5 参考源代码············································································································22

七、进程调度实验·························································································································23

7.1 实验目的················································································································23

7.2 预备知识················································································································23

7.3 实验内容················································································································23

7.4 实验指导················································································································23

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8.4 实验指导················································································································31

8.5 参考源代码············································································································35

九、文件系统调用·························································································································41

9.1 实验目的················································································································41

9.2 预备知识················································································································41

9.3 实验内容················································································································41

9.4 实验指导················································································································41

9.5 参考源代码············································································································44

参考文献·········································································································································46

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一、系统命令接口（一）

CPU 的计算机上。这个系统是由全世界各地的成千上万的程序员设计和实现的。

Linux 的出现，最早开始于一位名叫 Linus Torvalds 的计算机业余爱好者，当时他是芬

兰赫尔辛基大学的学生。他的目的是想设计一个代替 Minix（是由一位名叫 Andrew

Tannebaum 的计算机教授编写的一个操作系统示教程序）的操作系统，这个操作系统可用于

386、486 或奔腾处理器的个人计算机上，并且具有 Unix 操作系统的全部功能，因而开始了

Linux 雏形的设计。

Linux 以高效性和灵活性著称。它能够在 PC 计算机上实现全部的 Unix 特性，具有多任

务、多用户的能力。Linux 是在 GNU 公共许可权限下免费获得的，是一个符合 POSIX 标准

的操作系统。Linux 操作系统软件包不仅包括完整的 Linux 操作系统，而且还包括了文本编

辑器、高级语言编译器等应用软件。它还包括带有多个窗口管理器的 X-Windows 图形用户

Shell 是系统的用户界面，提供了用户与内核进行交互操作的一种接口。它接收用户输

入的命令并把它送入内核去执行。

实际上 Shell 是一个命令解释器，它解释由用户输入的命令并且把它们送到内核。不仅

如此，Shell 有自己的编程语言用于对命令的编辑，它允许用户编写由 shell 命令组成的程序。

Shell 编程语言具有普通编程语言的很多特点，比如它也有循环结构和分支控制结构等，用

这种编程语言编写的 Shell 程序与其他应用程序具有同样的效果。

Linux 提供了像 Microsoft Windows 那样的可视的命令输入界面--X Window 的图形用户

界面（GUI）。它提供了很多窗口管理器，其操作就象 Windows 一样，有窗口、图标和菜单，

所有的管理都是通过鼠标控制。现在比较流行的窗口管理器是 KDE 和 GNOME。

每个 Linux 系统的用户可以拥有他自己的用户界面或 Shell，用以满足他们自己专门的

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3. Linux 文件结构

文件结构是文件存放在磁盘等存储设备上的组织方法。主要体现在对文件和目录的组织

上。目录提供了管理文件的一个方便而有效的途径。我们能够从一个目录切换到另一个目录，

而且可以设置目录和文件的权限，设置文件的共享程度。

使用 Linux，用户可以设置目录和文件的权限，以便允许或拒绝其他人对其进行访问。

Linux 目录采用多级树形结构，图 1.1 表示了这种树形等级结构。用户可以浏览整个系统，

可以进入任何一个已授权进入的目录，访问那里的文件。

一个多用户系统，操作系统本身的驻留程序存放在以根目录开始的专用目录中，有时被指定

1.3 实验内容

1、启动 Linux 系统

2、文件和目录操作命令 ls、cd、mkdir、rmdir、cat、cp、rm

3、退出系统命令 shutdown

1.4 实验指导

1、启动 Linux 系统

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2、文件和目录操作命令

显示目录内容 ls 命令

说明：对于每个目录，该命令列出其中所有的子目录与文件；对于每个文件，该命令输

说明：该命令将当前工作目录改变至[路径]所指定的目录。若没有指定[路径]，则回到

用户的主目录。

命令格式 cd [路径]

选项含义：使用 man 帮助

例：返回上一级目录 cd ..

创建目录 mkdir 命令

说明：该命令创建一个由 dir-name 命名的目录。dir-name 不能是当前目录中已有的目录

或文件名

命令格式 mkdir [选项] dir-name

选项含义：使用 man 帮助