Java 虚拟机规范 — 译者序
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译者序
从 1999 年 4 月出版的《Java 虚拟机规范（第二版）》至今，已经超过 12 年，虽然此规范在
JDK 5 发布的时候作了较大的更新，但却始终没有发布完整的规范。在今年 6 月 28 日，最新的
《Java 虚拟机规范（Java SE 7 版）》终于完成并在 7 月份正式发布。对于想了解 Java 虚拟机
的程序员来说，《Java 虚拟机规范》是必须阅读的，对于想深入了解 Java 语言细节的程序员，
阅读《Java 虚拟机规范》也有极大好处，但是《Java 虚拟机规范》、《Java 语言规范》发布十余
年，一直没有中文译本，这让中国不少对 Java 虚拟机感兴趣，但英语能力较弱的程序员都被拒之
门外。
在 2011 年初，《Java 虚拟机规范（Java SE 7 版）》还是草稿状态时，我就开始关注这本
书，并陆续对其中第 1、2、6、7 章进行了翻译，到 2011 年 9 月时完成了 200 余页的译稿。这
时候又在国内著名 Java 社区 ItEye 中结识了另外两名译者吴璞渊和冶秀刚，我们在随后的两个
多月的时间里共同完成了其余章节的翻译和校对。
《Java 虚拟机规范》并非某一款虚拟机实现的说明书，它是一份保证各个公司的 Java 虚拟
机实现具备统一外部接口的契约文档，书中的概念和细节描述曾经与 Sun 的早期虚拟机的实现高
度吻合，但是随着技术的发展，高性能虚拟机真正的细节实现方式已经渐渐与虚拟机规范所描述的
内容产生了越来越大的差距。原作者也在书中不同地方反复强调过：虚拟机规范中所提及的“Java
虚拟机”皆为虚拟机的概念模型而非具体实现。实现只要保证与概念模型最终等效即可，而具体实
现的方式无需受概念模型束缚。因此通过虚拟机规范去分析程序的执行语义问题（虚拟机会做什么）
时，但分析程序的执行行为问题（虚拟机是怎样做的、性能如何）则意义不大，如需对具体虚拟机
实现进行调优、性能分析等，我推荐在本书基础上继续阅读《Java Performance》和《Oracle
JRockit The Definitive Guide》等书。
在翻译过程中，我们尽最大努力保证作品的准确性和可读性，力求在保证语义准确的前提下，
尽可能使用通俗易懂的方式向给各位读者介绍 Java 虚拟机的约束与运作原理。为此目标，我们在
专有技术名词、偏僻词中用括号保留了原文、专门在多处读者理解起来可能有困难的地方，添加了
“译者注”加以解释。
囿于我们的水平和写作时间，书中难免存在不妥之处，大家如有任何意见或建议都欢迎通过以
下邮件地址与我联系：icyfenix@gmail.com。本书的勘误与最新版本可以在以下网址中获取：
http://www.icyfenix.com/jvms_javase7_cn/
Java 虚拟机规范 — 译者序
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最后，请允许我再介绍一下本书三位译者的技术背景与分工：
周志明（www.icyfenix.com & weibo.com/icyfenix）：远光软件平台开发部部门经理，
平台架构师，不愿意脱离编码的一线码农。著有《深入理解 Java 虚拟机：JVM 高级特性与最
佳实践》。关注各种 Java 应用，略懂 OSGi、Java 虚拟机和工作流。在本书翻译工作中负责
全文统稿；前言和第 1、2、6、7 章的翻译；第 3、4、5 章的校审工作。
吴璞渊（wupuyuan.iteye.com）：就职于西门子，偏向程序和工作流设计，喜好 Java 各
种新技术并倒腾。在本书翻译工作中负责第 3 章以及第 4 章的 1 至 7 节。。
冶秀刚（langyu.iteye.com）：思科平台工程师，从事分布式系统的研究与开发，爱好 Java
平台技术且正在努力成长中。在本书翻译工作中负责第 5 章及第 4 章的 9 至 11 节。
周志明
2011 年 11 月 2 日
Java 虚拟机规范 — 版权声明
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版权声明
1. 本翻译工作完全基于个人兴趣爱好以及学术研究目的，不涉及出版或任何其他商业行为。本次
翻译与 Oracle 或其他 Java 虚拟机厂商无关，译文是非官方的翻译。
2. 译者曾经尝试邮件联系过原文作者，但是一直未获得到回复。根据我国著作权法第 22 条规定，
以教学、科研为目的，可以不经著作权人许可翻译其已经发表的作品，不向其支付报酬，但应
当指明作者姓名、作品名称，且不得出版发行。因此本译文的传播，必须严格控制在学习与科
学研究范围内，任何人未经原文作者和译者同意，不得将译文的全部或部分用于出版或其他商
业行为。
3. 在符合第 2 条的前提下，任何人都可任意方式传播、使用本译文的部分或全部内容，无须预
先知会译者，只要保留作、译者联系信息即可。如果需要进行商业使用，则必须到原作者和译
者的授权。
附原文版权声明如下：
Specification: JSR-000924 Java™ Virtual Machine Specification ("Specification")
Version: 7
Status: Final Release
Release: July 2011
Copyright 2011 Oracle America, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
500 Oracle Parkway M/S 5op7, California 94065, U.S.A
LIMITED LICENSE GRANTS
1. License for Evaluation Purposes. Oracle hereby grants you a fully-paid,
non-exclusive,non-transferable, worldwide, limited license (without the right to
sublicense), under Oracle's applicable intellectual property rights to view, download,
use and reproduce the Specification only for the purpose of internal evaluation. This
includes (i) developing applications intended to run on an implementation of the
Specification, provided that such applications do not themselves implement any portion(s)
of the Specification, and (ii) discussing the Specification with any third party; and (iii)
excerpting brief portions of the Specification in oral or written communications which
discuss the Specification provided that such excerpts do not in the aggregate constitute
a significant portion of the Specification.
2. License for the Distribution of Compliant Implementations. Oracle also grants you a
perpetual, non-exclusive, non-transferable, worldwide, fully paid-up, royalty free,
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limited license (without the right to sublicense) under any applicable copyrights or,
subject to the provisions of subsection 4 below, patent rights it may have covering the
Specification to create and/or distribute an Independent Implementation of the
Specification that: (a) fully implements the Specification including all its required
interfaces and functionality; (b) does not modify, subset, superset or otherwise extend
the Licensor Name Space, or include any public or protected packages, classes, Java
interfaces, fields or methods within the Licensor Name Space other than those
required/authorized by the Specification or Specifications being implemented; and (c)
passes the Technology Compatibility Kit (including satisfying the requirements of the
applicable TCK Users Guide) for such Specification ("Compliant Implementation"). In
addition, the foregoing license is expressly conditioned on your not acting outside its
scope. No license is granted hereunder for any other purpose (including, for example,
modifying the Specification, other than to the extent of your fair use rights, or
distributing the Specification to third parties). Also, no right, title, or interest in
or to any trademarks, service marks, or trade names of Oracle or Oracle's licensors is
granted hereunder. Java, and Java-related logos, marks and names are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Oracle in the U.S. and other countries.
3. Pass-through Conditions. You need not include limitations (a)-(c) from the previous
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concerning their implementation's compliance with the Specification in question.
4. Reciprocity Concerning Patent Licenses.
a. With respect to any patent claims covered by the license granted under subparagraph
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Specification, such license is conditioned upon your offering on fair, reasonable and
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non-transferable, worldwide license under Your patent rights which are or would be
infringed by all technically feasible implementations of the Specification to develop,
distribute and use a Compliant
Implementation.
b With respect to any patent claims owned by Oracle and covered by the license granted
under subparagraph 2, whether or not their infringement can be avoided in a technically
feasible manner when implementing the Specification, such license shall terminate with
respect
to such claims if You initiate a claim against Oracle that it has, in the course of
performing its responsibilities as the Specification Lead, induced any other entity to
infringe Your patent rights.
c Also with respect to any patent claims owned by Oracle and covered by the license granted
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