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Oracle® OLAP
Application Developer's Guide
10g Release 2 (10.2)
B14349-02
August 2005
Oracle OLAP Application Developer’s Guide, 10g Release 2 (10.2)
B14349-02
Copyright © 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
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iii
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... xiii
Audience..................................................................................................................................................... xiii
Documentation Accessibility................................................................................................................... xiii
Related Documents ................................................................................................................................... xiv
Conventions ............................................................................................................................................... xiv
What’s New in Oracle OLAP Applications Development? ................................................ xv
Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2 Oracle OLAP ................................................................................... xv
Oracle Database 10g Release 10.1.0.4 Oracle OLAP ............................................................................. xv
Part I Fundamentals
1 Overview
OLAP Technology Within Oracle Database........................................................................................ 1-1
Problems Maintaining Two Distinct Systems................................................................................ 1-1
Full Integration of Multidimensional Technology........................................................................ 1-2
Using OLAP to Answer Business Questions...................................................................................... 1-2
Common Analytical Applications......................................................................................................... 1-3
Tools for Querying OLAP Data Stores................................................................................................. 1-3
Formulating Queries.......................................................................................................................... 1-4
Creating Custom Measures .............................................................................................................. 1-4
The Logical Dimensional Data Model................................................................................................. 1-5
Logical Cubes...................................................................................................................................... 1-6
Logical Measures................................................................................................................................ 1-6
Logical Dimensions............................................................................................................................ 1-6
Logical Hierarchies and Levels........................................................................................................ 1-6
Logical Attributes............................................................................................................................... 1-7
About Multidimensional Data Stores.................................................................................................. 1-7
Creating Analytic Workspaces......................................................................................................... 1-8
Summary Data.................................................................................................................................... 1-8
Deciding When to Use Analytic Workspaces ..................................................................................... 1-8
When to Use Analytic Workspaces ................................................................................................. 1-9
When to Use Relational Schemas..................................................................................................... 1-9
Structured and Unstructured Data Stores...................................................................................... 1-9
Processing Analytic Queries.......................................................................................................... 1-10
iv
Creating Summary Data................................................................................................................. 1-10
How Analytic Workspaces Store Summary Data ............................................................... 1-10
How Relational Schemas Store Aggregate Data ................................................................. 1-10
Components of Oracle OLAP ............................................................................................................. 1-11
OLAP Analytic Engine................................................................................................................... 1-11
Analytic Workspaces...................................................................................................................... 1-11
Analytic Workspace Manager....................................................................................................... 1-11
OLAP Worksheet ............................................................................................................................ 1-11
SQL Interface to OLAP................................................................................................................... 1-12
OLAP DML ...................................................................................................................................... 1-12
Analytic Workspace Java APIs...................................................................................................... 1-12
OLAP API......................................................................................................................................... 1-12
OLAP Catalog.................................................................................................................................. 1-12
Implementing an Analytic Workspace.............................................................................................. 1-13
Identifying Business Goals ............................................................................................................ 1-13
Identifying Data Sources................................................................................................................ 1-13
Defining a Logical Model............................................................................................................... 1-13
Mapping, Loading, and Aggregating the Data........................................................................... 1-14
Generating Information-Rich Data............................................................................................... 1-14
Implementing a Relational Data Warehouse for OLAP ................................................................ 1-14
Identifying Business Goals ............................................................................................................ 1-14
Identifying Data Sources................................................................................................................ 1-14
Defining a Logical Model............................................................................................................... 1-15
Generating Summary Data............................................................................................................ 1-15
Upgrading Oracle Database 10g Release 1 Analytic Workspaces ................................................ 1-15
Upgrading Oracle9i Analytic Workspaces........................................................................................ 1-15
Upgrading the Physical Storage Format...................................................................................... 1-16
Upgrading the Standard Form Metadata .................................................................................... 1-16
2 The Sample Schema
Case Study Scenario................................................................................................................................. 2-1
Reporting Requirements ................................................................................................................... 2-2
Business Goals .................................................................................................................................... 2-2
Information Requirements................................................................................................................ 2-3
Business Analysis Questions..................................................................................................... 2-3
What products are profitable?................................................................................................... 2-3
Who are our customers, and what and how are they buying? ............................................ 2-3
What accounts are most profitable?......................................................................................... 2-4
What is the performance of each distribution channel?........................................................ 2-4
Is there still a seasonal variance to the business?................................................................... 2-4
Summary of Information Requirements.................................................................................. 2-4
Identifying Required Business Facts.................................................................................................... 2-5
Designing a Logical Data Model for Global Computing................................................................. 2-5
Identifying Dimensions..................................................................................................................... 2-5
Identifying Levels............................................................................................................................... 2-6
v
Identifying Hierarchies ..................................................................................................................... 2-6
Identifying Stored Measures ............................................................................................................ 2-6
The Global Schema.................................................................................................................................. 2-7
Part II Creating and Managing Analytic Workspaces
3 Creating an Analytic Workspace
Introduction to Analytic Workspace Manager.................................................................................... 3-1
Model View......................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Object View ........................................................................................................................................ 3-2
OLAP Worksheet ............................................................................................................................... 3-3
Getting Started with Analytic Workspace Manager.......................................................................... 3-4
Installing Analytic Workspace Manager ........................................................................................ 3-4
Opening Analytic Workspace Manager ......................................................................................... 3-4
Defining a Database Connection...................................................................................................... 3-5
Opening a Database Connection...................................................................................................... 3-5
Identifying the Source Data ................................................................................................................... 3-5
Schema Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 3-5
Star Schema.................................................................................................................................. 3-6
Snowflake Schema ...................................................................................................................... 3-7
Other ............................................................................................................................................. 3-8
Making Transformations in Your Source Data....................................................................... 3-9
Choosing a Build Tool.................................................................................................................... 3-10
Creating a Standard Form Workspace Using Analytic Workspace Manager ............................ 3-10
How Analytic Workspace Manager Saves Changes.................................................................. 3-10
Basic Steps for Creating a Standard Form Workspace .............................................................. 3-10
Adding Functionality to a Standard Form Analytic Workspace ............................................. 3-11
Creating Logical Dimensions.............................................................................................................. 3-12
Creating Dimensions ...................................................................................................................... 3-12
Defining a Time Dimension ................................................................................................... 3-12
Creating Unique Dimension Members................................................................................. 3-12
Opening the Create Dimension Dialog Box......................................................................... 3-13
Creating Levels................................................................................................................................ 3-13
Creating Hierarchies....................................................................................................................... 3-13
Creating Attributes ......................................................................................................................... 3-14
Automatically Defined Attributes......................................................................................... 3-14
User Attributes ......................................................................................................................... 3-15
Creating Logical Cubes ........................................................................................................................ 3-15
Creating Cubes ................................................................................................................................ 3-15
Creating Measures .......................................................................................................................... 3-16
Creating Calculated Measures ...................................................................................................... 3-16
Making Data Storage Decisions ......................................................................................................... 3-17
What is Sparsity?..............................................................................................................
............... 3-17
Sparsity Patterns ...................................................................................................................... 3-17
Physical Storage of Sparse Data............................................................................................. 3-18
Manually Calculating Sparsity in a Cube............................................................................. 3-18
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