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前 言 .......................................................................................................................................6 第 1 章 文件结构....................................................................................................................8 1.1 版权和版本的声明........................................................................................................8 1.2 头文件的结构 ...............................................................................................................8 1.3 定义文件的结构 ...........................................................................................................8 1.4 头文件的作用 ...............................................................................................................8 1.5 目录结构 .......................................................................................................................8 第 2 章 程序的版式 ................................................................................................................8 2.1 空行 ...............................................................................................................................8 2.2 代码行 ...........................................................................................................................8 2.3 代码行内的空格 ...........................................................................................................8 2.4 对齐 ...............................................................................................................................8 2.5 长行拆分 .......................................................................................................................8 2.6 修饰符的位置 ...............................................................................................................8 2.7 注释 ...............................................................................................................................8 2.8 类的版式 .......................................................................................................................8 第 3 章 命名规则....................................................................................................................8 3.1 共性规则 .......................................................................................................................8 3.2 简单的 WINDOWS 应用程序命名规则 .........................................................................8 3.3 简单的 UNIX 应用程序命名规则..................................................................................8 第 4 章 表达式和基本语句 ....................................................................................................8 4.1 运算符的优先级 ...........................................................................................................8 4.2 复合表达式 ...................................................................................................................8 4.3 IF 语句 ...........................................................................................................................8 4.4 循环语句的效率 ...........................................................................................................8 4.5 FOR 语句的循环控制变量 ............................................................................................8 4.6 SWITCH 语句 ..................................................................................................................8 4.7 GOTO 语句......................................................................................................................8 第 5 章 常量............................................................................................................................8 5.1 为什么需要常量 ...........................................................................................................8 5.2 CONST 与 #DEFINE 的比较 ...........................................................................................8 5.3 常量定义规则 ...............................................................................................................8 5.4 类中的常量 ...................................................................................................................8 第 6 章 函数设计 ....................................................................................................................8高质量 C++/C 编程指南， v 1.0 2001 Page 4 of 101 6.1 参数的规则 ...................................................................................................................8 6.2 返回值的规则 ...............................................................................................................8 6.3 函数内部实现的规则....................................................................................................8 6.4 其它建议 .......................................................................................................................8 6.5 使用断言 .......................................................................................................................8 6.6 引用与指针的比较........................................................................................................8 第 7 章 内存管理....................................................................................................................8 7.1 内存分配方式 ................................................................................................................8 7.2 常见的内存错误及其对策.............................................................................................8 7.3 指针与数组的对比 ........................................................................................................8 7.4 指针参数是如何传递内存的？ .....................................................................................8 7.5 FREE 和 DELETE 把指针怎么啦？ .................................................................................8 7.6 动态内存会被自动释放吗？ ........................................................................................8 7.7 杜绝“野指针” ...........................................................................................................8 7.8 有了 MALLOC/FREE 为什么还要 NEW/DELETE ？ .......................................................8 7.9 内存耗尽怎么办？ ........................................................................................................8 7.10 MALLOC/FREE 的使用要点 .........................................................................................8 7.11 NEW/DELETE 的使用要点 ...........................................................................................8 7.12 一些心得体会 .............................................................................................................8 第 8 章 C++函数的高级特性 .................................................................................................8 8.1 函数重载的概念 ...........................................................................................................8 8.2 成员函数的重载、覆盖与隐藏 ....................................................................................8 8.3 参数的缺省值 ...............................................................................................................8 8.4 运算符重载 ...................................................................................................................8 8.5 函数内联 .......................................................................................................................8 8.6 一些心得体会 ...............................................................................................................8 第 9 章 类的构造函数、析构函数与赋值函数 .....................................................................8 9.1 构造函数与析构函数的起源 ........................................................................................8 9.2 构造函数的初始化表....................................................................................................8 9.3 构造和析构的次序........................................................................................................8 9.4 示例：类 STRING 的构造函数与析构函数 ..................................................................8 9.5 不要轻视拷贝构造函数与赋值函数 ............................................................................8 9.6 示例：类 STRING 的拷贝构造函数与赋值函数 ..........................................................8 9.7 偷懒的办法处理拷贝构造函数与赋值函数.................................................................8 9.8 如何在派生类中实现类的基本函数 ............................................................................8 9.9 一些心得体会 ...............................................................................................................8 第 10 章 类的继承与组合 ......................................................................................................8高质量 C++/C 编程指南， v 1.0 2001 Page 5 of 101 10.1 继承 .............................................................................................................................8 10.2 组合 .............................................................................................................................8 第 11 章 其它编程经验 ..........................................................................................................8 11.1 使用 CONST 提高函数的健壮性..................................................................................8 11.2 提高程序的效率 ..........................................................................................................8 11.3 一些有益的建议 ..........................................................................................................8 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................8 附录 A ： C++/C 代码审查表 ................................................................................................8 附录 B ： C++/C 试题 ............................................................................................................8 附录 C ： C++/C 试题的答案与评分标准