非洲及中东地区ACM试题(2000-2007)资源-CSDN文库

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2168 - Convert

Africa and the Middle East - Africa and Arab - 2000/2001

The importance of postfix and prefix notation in parsing arithmetic expressions is that these notations are

completely free of parentheses. Consequently, an expression in postfix (or prefix) form is crucial because

having a unique form for an expression greatly simplifies its evaluation. But we humans prefer to read and

evaluate an infix expression especially when it is parenthesized.

We would like to try the conversion from the postfix format to the parenthesized infix format for expression

written in some functional language. The language will consist of the unary function INV and the binary

functions ADD and MUL.

Input

The input shall consist of several cases. Each case will be represented on a separate line. The number of cases

will be given in the first line of the input.

Output

For each input case, the converted expression should be on a separate line, and should have a space after each

comma.

Sample Input

2 -3 Add Inv 6 10 Mul Mul

100 1000 MUL 10 ADD INV

Sample Output

Mul ( Inv (Add (2, -3)), Mul (6, 10))

Inv ( Add (10, Mul (100, 1000)))

Africa and Arab 2000-2001

2168 - Convert 1/1

2169 - Text Justification/Wrapping

Africa and the Middle East - Africa and Arab - 2000/2001

This problem is about right justification of the text. By that we mean that the printed form of the text is such

that the right margin is aligned for all lines in the output. This task is normally achieved by first attempting to

split words across lines, and then by leaving a certain amount of spaces between words.

Assumptions

For this problem, assume that words are not to be split between lines and that each line is to be both left and

right justified, except for the last line of text. Any extra blank characters which are required in the justification

of the text are to be distributed as uniformly as possible between the words of a line. Furthermore, we assume

that there are no paragraphs and that pagination and indentation are not required. Finally, each word in the

input text is separated from every other word by a blank, and each punctuation symbol is followed by a blank.

For the output, assume 50 characters per line.

Sample Input

Sultan Qaboos university is a young university compared

to universities found in the ArabianGulf region.

However, it has an excellent reputation in the region.

The university enjoys solid infrastructure, stable

academic platforms, and state of the art facilities.

The university includes six colleges, four centers, three

libraries, and a hospital. A new college of information

technology seems to be on the horizon, and may be

announced any time.

Sample Output

Sultan Qaboos university is a young university

compared to universities found in the ArabianGulf

region. However, it has an excellent reputation in

the region. The university enjoys solid

infrastructure, stable academic platforms, and

state of the art facilities. The university

includes six colleges, four centers, three

libraries, and a hospital. A new college of

information technology seems to be on the horizon,

and may be announced any time.

Africa and Arab 2000-2001

2169 - Text Justification/Wrapping 1/1

2171 - Maze

Africa and the Middle East - Africa and Arab - 2000/2001

As a child, did you ever dream of playing in a maze? If you had thought about it, you may have come up with

the idea of marking your paths as you went along. If you were trapped, you could then go back to the last

crossing and take another path. By doing this, your actually applying what is called backtracking. This

problem is about trying to get out of a maze.

Given a maze and a starting point within, you are to determine whether there is a way out. There is only one

exit from the maze. You may move horizontally or vertically (but not diagonally) in any direction in which

there is an open path, but you may not move in a direction that is blocked. If you move into a position where

you are blocked on three sides, you must go back the way you came (backtrack) and try another path.

Input

The should come from a text file. The file contains the original maze, represented as a square matrix of

symbols, with one row of the matrix per line. Each symbol is a character that indicates whether the

corresponding maze is an open path (`O'), a trap (`+'), or the exit (`E'). The size of the maze is 10x10

positions. At the end of the maze in the input file, there a series of starting position coordinates. Each line

contains a pair of values, representing the row and the column of the starting position in the maze. Your task

is to process each of these positions in your quest for the exit from the maze.

Processing

For each starting position, start your move into the maze from the given starting position (in terms of a row

and a column numbers) until you either get to `E' (exit) or get trapped (cannot move). You can move only

where `O' is found.

Output

For each of the ten starting positions, print out the result of your move in the maze, by displaying either Exit

or Trapped in front of the starting position.

Sample Input

O O + E + O O + + + 1 2

O + + O + O + O O O 10 1

O O O O O O + O + O 10 8

+ + + + + O + + O O 7 6

O O O + O O O + O + 1 7

O + O + O + + + O + 8 7

O + O + O O O + O O 7 9

+ + O + + + O + + O 9 3

O + O O O O O + + O 7 1

O + O + + O + O O O 2 8

2171 - Maze 1/2

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