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Scalability Rules 50 Principles for Scaling Web Sites
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2012-09-04
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《高扩展性网站的50条原则》给出了设计高扩展网站的50条原则,如不要过度设计、设计时就考虑扩展性、把方案简化3倍以上、减少DNS查找、尽可能减少对象等,每个原则都与不同的主题绑定在一起。大部分原则是面向技术的,只有少量原则解决的是与关键习惯和方法有关的问题,当然,每个原则都对构建可扩展的产品至关重要。 主要内容包括: 通过克隆、复制、分离功能和拆分数据集提高网站扩展性; 采用横向扩展方案代替纵向扩展; 在不损害网站可扩展性的前提下,最大程度地利用数据库; 避免不必要的重定向和冗余的二次检查; 在不引入复杂性的前提下,更加充分地使用缓存和内容分发网络; 要求网站设计具备容错、优雅降级和易回滚的功能; 设计系统时尽可能选择无状态实现,如果确实需要状态,做到合理高效; 有效利用异步通信; 无论你的网站刚刚起步,还是正在设计开发过程中,或者已经成熟运转了很长时间,你都能从书中找到很有针对性的指导原则,提高网站的可扩展性。
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Praise for Scalability Rules
“Once again, Abbott and Fisher provide a book that I’ll be giving
to our engineers. It’s an essential read for anyone dealing with
scaling an online business.”
—Chris Lalonde,VP,Technical Operations and Infrastructure
Architecture, Bullhorn
“Abbott and Fisher again tackle the difficult problem of scalability
in their unique and practical manner. Distilling the challenges of
operating a fast-growing presence on the Internet into 50 easy-to-
understand rules, the authors provide a modern cookbook of
scalability recipes that guide the reader through the difficulties
of fast growth.”
—Geoffrey Weber,Vice President, Internet Operations, Shutterfly
“Abbott and Fisher have distilled years of wisdom into a set of
cogent principles to avoid many nonobvious mistakes.”
—Jonathan Heiliger,VP,Technical Operations, Facebook
“In The Art of Scalability, the AKF team taught us that scale is not
just a technology challenge. Scale is obtained only through a
combination of people, process, and technology.With Scalability
Rules, Martin Abbott and Michael Fisher fill our scalability toolbox
with easily implemented and time-tested rules that once applied
will enable massive scale.”
—Jerome Labat,VP, Product Development IT, Intuit
“When I joined Etsy, I partnered with Mike and Marty to hit the
ground running in my new role, and it was one of the best
investments of time I have made in my career.The indispensable
advice from my experience working with Mike and Marty is fully
captured here in this book.Whether you’re taking on a role as a
technology leader in a new company or you simply want to make
great technology decisions, Scalability Rules will be the go-to
resource on your bookshelf.”
—Chad Dickerson, CTO, Etsy
“Scalability Rules provides an essential set of practical tools and
concepts anyone can use when designing, upgrading, or inheriting
a technology platform. It’s very easy to focus on an immediate
problem and overlook issues that will appear in the future. This
book ensures strategic design principles are applied to everyday
challenges.”
—Robert Guild, Director and Senior Architect, Financial Services
“An insightful, practical guide to designing and building scalable
systems. A must-read for both product building and operations
teams, this book offers concise and crisp insights gained from years
of practical experience of AKF principals.With the complexity of
modern systems, scalability considerations should be an integral part
of the architecture and implementation process. Scaling systems for
hypergrowth requires an agile, iterative approach that is closely
aligned with product features; this book shows you how.”
—Nanda Kishore, Chief Technology Officer, ShareThis
“For organizations looking to scale technology, people, and
processes rapidly or effectively, the twin pairing of Scalability Rules
and The Art of Scalability are unbeatable.The rules-driven approach
in Scalability Rules makes this not only an easy reference companion,
but also allows organizations to tailor the Abbott and Fisher
approach to their specific needs both immediately and in the
future!”
—Jeremy Wright, CEO, BNOTIONS.ca and Founder, b5media
Scalability
Rules
50 Principles for
Scaling Web Sites
Martin L. Abbott
Michael T. Fisher
Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco
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The authors and publisher have taken care in the
preparation of this book, but make no expressed or
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bility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed
for incidental or consequential damages in connection
with or arising out of the use of the information or pro-
grams contained herein.
The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book
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For more information, please contact:
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Abbott, Martin L.
Scalability rules : 50 principles for scaling Web sites
/ Martin L. Abbott, Michael T. Fisher.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-321-75388-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN
(invalid) 01321753887 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1.
Computer networks—Scalability. 2. Web sites—
Security measures. I. Fisher, Michael T. II. Title.
TK5105.59.A23 2011
006.7—dc22
2011006257
Copyright © 2011 AKF Consulting Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is
protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior
to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to:
Pearson Education, Inc
Rights and Contracts Department
501 Boylston Street, Suite 900
Boston, MA 02116
Fax (617) 671 3447
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-75388-5
ISBN-10: 0-321-75388-7
Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at R.R. Donnelley in
Crawfordsville, Indiana.
First printing May 2011
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