Python图像处理库指南PythonImagingLibrary(PIL)Guide

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Python Imaging Library

(PIL)

John W. Shipman

2009-05-01 16:47

Abstract

Describes an image-processing library for the Python programming language.

This publication is available in Web form

and also as a PDF document

. Please forward any

comments to tcc-doc@nmt.edu.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1

2. Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 2

2.1. Band ............................................................................................................................. 2

2.2. Modes .......................................................................................................................... 2

2.3. Sizes ............................................................................................................................. 2

2.4. Coordinates .................................................................................................................. 2

2.5. Angles .......................................................................................................................... 2

2.6. Bboxes (bounding boxes) ................................................................................................ 3

2.7. Colors ........................................................................................................................... 3

2.8. Filters ........................................................................................................................... 3

3. Creating objects of class Image ................................................................................................. 4

3.1. Attributes of the Image object ........................................................................................ 4

3.2. Methods on the Image object ......................................................................................... 5

4. The ImageDraw module .......................................................................................................... 8

5. Image enhancement: the ImageFilter module ........................................................................ 9

6. The ImageFont module ........................................................................................................ 10

7. The ImageTk module ............................................................................................................. 10

8. Supported file formats ............................................................................................................ 11

1. Introduction

The Python Imaging Library (PIL) allows you to create, modify, and convert image files in a wide

variety of formats using the Python language.

For additional PIL features not described in this document, refer to the online PIL handbook

For more information about Python, refer to the author's companion publication, Python programming

language quick reference

, or to the Python Web site

, for general information about the Python language.

http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/pil/

http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/pil/pil.pdf

http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/index.htm

http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/python22/

http://www.python.org/

1Python Imaging Library (PIL)New Mexico Tech Computer Center

2.6. Bboxes (bounding boxes)

A bounding box or bbox is a rectangle in the image. It is defined by a 4-tuple, (x

, y

, x

, y

) where (x

) is the top left (northwest) corner of the rectangle, and (x

, y

) is the bottom right (southeast) corner.

Generally, the area described by a bounding box will include point (x

, y

), but it will not include point

, y

) or the row and column of pixels containing point (x

, y

For example, drawing an ellipse inside the bounding box (0,0,5,10) will produce an ellipse 5 pixels

wide and 10 pixels high. The resulting ellipse will include pixel column 4 but not column 5, and will

also include pixel row 9 but not row 10.

2.7. Colors

You can specify colors in several different ways.

•

For single-band images, the color is the pixel value. For example, in a mode "1" image, the color is

a single integer, 0 for black, 1 for white. For mode "L", it is an integer in the range [0,255], where 0

means black and 255 means white.

•

For multi-band images, supply a tuple with one value per band. In an "RGB" image, the tuple

(255,0,0) is pure red.

•

You can use CSS-style color name strings of the form #rrggbb, where rr specifies the red part as

two hexadecimal digits, gg specifies green, and bb blue. For example, "#ffff00" means yellow

(full red + full green).

•

To specify RGB pixel values in decimal, use a string of the form "rgb(R,G,B)". For example,

"rgb(0,255,0)" is pure green.

•

To specify RGB pixel values as percentages, use a string of the form "rgb(R%,G%,B%)". For example,

you can get a light gray with "rgb(85%,85%,85%)".

• To specify colors in the hue-saturation-lightness (HSV) system, use a string of the form

"hsl(H,S%,L%)".

H is the hue angle in degrees: 0 is red, 60 is yellow, 120 is green, and so on.

S is the saturation: 0% for unsaturated (gray), 100% for fully saturated.

The lightness L is 0% for black, 50% for normal, and 100% for white.

For example, "hsl(180,100%,50%)" is pure cyan.

• On Unix systems, you can use any of the standard color names from the locally installed set given in

file "/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt", such as "white", "DodgerBlue", or "coral".

2.8. Filters

Some operations that reduce the number of pixels, such as creating a thumbnail, can use different filters

to compute the new pixel values. These include:

NEAREST

Uses the value of the nearest pixel.

BILINEAR

Uses linear interpolation over a 2x2 set of adjacent pixels.

3Python Imaging Library (PIL)New Mexico Tech Computer Center

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Kukid

2013-12-06

可能是版本的问题，函数不全

Python图像处理库指南Python Imaging Library(PIL) Guide

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